igcse生物考試知識點大綱是什麽？

igcse生物最新考試大綱是什麽(me) ？2023年igcse生物考試大綱的都有哪些變化？IG生物大考即將到來，需要掌握哪些知識點？

 IGCSE生物知識點大綱 

可以看到IG生物一共21章，總計86個(ge) 知識點。

內(nei) 容涵蓋了人體(ti) 各大身體(ti) 係統：循環，呼吸，消化，內(nei) 分泌，生殖，神經；植物動物的物質運輸；生態係統；遺傳(chuan) 。

雖然覆蓋麵很廣，知識點非常多，但對於(yu) 從(cong) 體(ti) 製內(nei) 出來的9年級學生來說，例如細胞，植物，人體(ti) 器官係統，生態係統，都是學過的，不應該會(hui) 感覺非常陌生。

  IGCSE生物大綱變化 

IGCSE生物主要包括：細胞，細胞結構和組織係統；生物反應生命活動；人類身體(ti) 構造；動植物營養(yang) ；生物圈；物質循環；人口與(yu) 人類活動對環境的影響等。

添加相關(guan) 主題的部分內(nei) 容: 二分鍵，礦物需求，藥物，遺傳(chuan)

刪除相關(guan) 主題的部分內(nei) 容: 濫用藥物，人類生育法

 IGCSE生物經常出現的考點 

1.Classification

2. Cells一般不會(hui) 有大題。

3. Movement in and out of cells一定要背diffusion ，osmosis和active transport的定義(yi) 考題一般和其他章節考。比如植物根如何吸收水（osmosis），吸收無機鹽（active transport） 吸收氧氣（diffusion）答這個(ge) 部分題目的時候，一定要把定義(yi) 補完整

4. Chemicals of life

a. 記住food test

b. balanced diet

c. 記住每種營養(yang) 物質的作用：carbohydrate， fat，protein，cellulose，vitamin（C&D)，minerals（Fe&Ca）and water的作用

d. carbohydrate， fat，protein，cellulose的組成單位

5. Enzymes

a. enzyme 的6大特征(1protein, 2catalyst, 3specific, 4optimum ph,5 optimum temperature, 6denature at high temperature)

b. lock & key

c. describe & explain 溫度和酶的關(guan) 係

d. Fermenter

f. biological washing powder

6. Plant nutrition

a. 光合作用方程式

b. 葉片的結構和各部分的特征以及功能(waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vein, lowerepidermis, guard cell)

C. guard cell 如何控製氣孔大小（gas exchange, photosynthesis and transpiration）

d. 缺magnesium和nitrate 對植物的影響

f. limiting factors 對光合作用的影響

7. Animal nutrition

1. tooth decay

2. for and against fluoride

3. adaptations and functions of ileum

4. function of duodenum

5. function of liver

6. function of pancreas

7. functions of stomach

8. Transport

1. structure of heart

2. differences between artery, vein and capillary

3. adaptations and functions of red blood cell,

4. adaptations of functions of lymphocyte and phagocyte

5. HIV

7. functions of platelets

8. cardiac cycle

9.Respiration

1. bad effects of smoking ( co,

10. Coordination and response

1. Structure of eye

2. endocrine system vs nervous system

3. describe iris reflex, accommodation reflex, withdrawal reflex

4. adrenaline

5. cones vs rods

6. voluntary vs involuntary

11. Homeostasis and excretion

1. how to maintain body temperature

2. how to regulate blood glucose level

3. the structure of kidney

4. the structure of nephron and the functions of each part

5. dialyasis vs kidney transplantation

6. tissue rejection

12 Drugs

1. bad effect of heroin

2. bad effect of alcohol

3. the evoluation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

13. Reproduction

1. sexual reproduction vs asexual reproduction

2. 4 hormones in menstrual cycle ( FSH,LH, oestrogen and progesterone)

3. secondary characteristics of male and female

4. formular milk vs mother's milk

5. functions of placenta

6. sperm vs egg

7. functions of amnion

8. birth control

9. treatment of gonorrhoea

10. HIV

11. wind-pollination vs insect pollination

12. germination

14. Inheritance and evolution

1. maria VS sickle cell anaemia

2. codominant (ABO blood type)

3. the process of making insulin from Gene-modified bacteria

4. Natural selection

15. Living organismsin their environment

1. energy loss along food chain

2. nitrogen cycle

3. carbon cycle

4. describe and explain population curve

16. Humans and the environment

A. causes, bad effect and how to solve

1. acid rain

2. deforestation

3. bioaccumulation of pesticide

4. radiactive pollution

5. plastics

6. sewage(containing nitrate and organic substances)

B. the purpose and measure of

1. preservation of species

2. limited resources (minerals , forest)