英國IBO中級生物競賽詳細介紹

全球權威的生物學術組織 鼓勵學生挑戰課堂以外的生物學知識 增加世界名校醫學、生物等理科專(zhuan) 業(ye) 申請優(you) 勢

英國生物測評（中級）IBO介紹

英國生物測評（中級）（Intermediate Biology Olympiad）麵向高一、高二年級（GCSE和A1），是英國生物測評的初階活動。不僅(jin) 考察學生的生物學知識，還鼓勵他們(men) 在校外繼續學習(xi) 生物科學。成績優(you) 秀者將增加世界名校醫學、生物等理科專(zhuan) 業(ye) 申請優(you) 勢。

英國中級生物奧林匹克活動由英國生物奧林匹克委員會(hui) 組織，由英國皇家生物學會(hui) 管理。從(cong) 2020 年起正式授權 ASDAN 中國（阿思丹）成為(wei) 其在中國的承辦單位。

英國皇家生物學會(hui) （簡稱 RSB）, 總部位於(yu) 倫(lun) 敦市中心，擁有 16000 多名會(hui) 員，匯聚了 100 多個(ge) 國家生物界的著名科學家和生物研究人員，為(wei) 全球極具影響力的生物學術組織之一。

IBO比賽相關(guan) 信息活動規則

語言：中英文

考試時間：2022年 11 月 13 日（周日）14:00-15:00（60分鍾）

報名截止時間：2022年11月2日

參賽資格：任意年級高中生

形式：個(ge) 人賽

範圍∶25%動物解剖學及生理學，20%細胞生物學，15%遺傳(chuan) 與(yu) 進化，15%植物解剖學及生理學，15%生態學，5%動物行為(wei) 學，5%生物分類學

內(nei) 容∶約72道選擇題與(yu) 填空題，總分72分 （注∶每年題目數量與(yu) 題型、總分略有變化）

獎項設置

全球獎項：（全球代表統一排名）

金牌 Gold，2021 年分數線為(wei) ：59.50，約前 7%

銀牌 Silver，2021 年分數線為(wei) ：55.11，約前 18%

銅牌 Bronze，2021 年分數線為(wei) ：50.63，約前 38%

傑出獎 Highly Commended，2021 年分數線為(wei) ：47.19，約前 54%

優(you) 秀獎 Commended，2021 年分數線為(wei) ：44.05，約前 70%  

*備注：該活動全球獎項評分規則如下：金獎、銀獎、銅獎、傑出獎、優(you) 秀獎獎項將首先按照英國國籍學生的成績分別以 總分排名約 5%、15%、30%、45%、60% 的比例劃出得獎分數線，然後其他國家學生成績不按照總分排名比例，而是直 接參照獲獎分數線來決(jue) 定是否得獎。

考試內(nei) 容

中級生物奧林匹克競賽的核心主題與(yu) AQA、Edexcel、OCR AS/A級的教學大綱相一致。  

1. Biological Molecules

• Concepts of monomers, polymers, condensation & hydrolysis reactions

• Monosaccharides, e.g. and  glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

• Di-/polysaccharides, e.g. sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellulose, starch (amylose, amylopectin)

• Quantitative Benedict’s test, iodine test for starch

• Glycerol, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), triglycerides, ester bond formation, phospholipids, emulsion test

• Amino acids, levels of protein structure (including types of non-covalent bonds involved), peptide bond formation, Biuret test

• Haemoglobin and collagen as examples of globular and fibrous proteins (detailed structure of collagen often omitted)

• DNA and RNA structure and formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

• Semi-conservative replication of DNA

• Structure of ATP and basic role in cells

• Enzymes: lock and key and induced fit models of action; effect of pH, temperature, enzyme/substrate concentration, inhibitors (competitive and non-competitive) (cofactors/coenzymes sometimes included)

• Role of inorganic ions

• Biologically important properties of water

2. Cell Structure

• Structure of eukaryotic cells, including:

• cell-surface membrane

• nucleus (containing chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleoli)

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

• Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles

• lysosomes

• ribosomes

• rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• cell wall

• cell vacuole

• Structure of prokaryotic cells

• Cytoskeleton sometimes included – usually just actin and tubulin

• Manipulating magnification for light and electron micrographs (usually including use of graticules)

• Use of stains in light microscopy

• Characteristics of light and electron microscopes

• Cell cycle – the main stages of mitosis and meiosesis

• Structure of the cell membrane, including phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, membrane proteins, cholesterol in the fluid mosaic model

• Membrane transport: active transport, facilitated diffusion, carrier and channel proteins, diffusion, osmosis (using water potential terminology)

3. Immune System

• Definition of antigen and structure and function of antibodies

• Phagocytosis

• Antigen presentation, stimulation of B cells, clonal selection and expansion, plasma cells

• Role of T cells (normally highly simplified and restricted to helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

• Primary and secondary immune responses

• Passive and active immunity

• HIV as an example of a pathogen (other syllabuses may include other diseases such as cholera, measles, TB, flu)

• Uses of monoclonal antibodies

4. a. Exchange Surfaces

• SA:Vol relationships for cells and organisms, features of exchange surfaces and the need for circulatory systems

• Examples of gas exchange systems: human always included, often fish gills or insect trachea

• Gas exchange in plants

• Mechanism of ventilation in humans and structure of trachea epithelium

• COPD and smoking

4. b. Circulatory Systems

• Structure of single and double circulatory systems (sometimes also open/closed)

• Structure and function of haemoglobin, including Bohr effect and transport of CO2 (sometimes also fetal haemoglobin and myoglobin)

• Structure of arteries, veins, capillaries

• Structure of the mammalian heart, including valves

• Electrical activity of the heart and role of AVN, SAN (sometimes ECG included)

• Formation and composition of tissue fluid

• CHD is on most syllabuses

4. c. Plant Transport

• Structure of xylem

• Cohesion-tension theory

• Structure of phloem

• Mass flow hypothesis

5. Molecular Genetics

• Structure of chromosomes, DNA and genes

• Role and structure of mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes

• The genetic code, transcription and translation

• Exons and introns and splicing of pre-mRNA

• Mutations and the effect on proteins

• Mutations as a source of genetic variation for natural selection

6. Biodiversity

• Hierarchical nature of taxonomic systems

• Three domains versus 5 kingdom classifications

• Idea of a phylogenetic classification

• Random and systematic sampling

• Simpson’s diversity index