托福考試上遇到文化曆史類話題應該怎麽辦？

在托福獨立寫(xie) 作的考察話題中，文化曆史類話題雖然不是出題頻率最高的一類，但在限時寫(xie) 作的情況下難度還是不小的。比較特殊的是，絕大多數文化曆史類話題的寫(xie) 作題都會(hui) 和其他領域有所關(guan) 聯，例如教育、政府、旅遊等。例如：

?1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All the university students should be required to take history courses no matter what files they study is.

?2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take at least one course about culture of a foreign country.

?3.In order to attract more tourists, do you think governments should improve safety by hiring more police or improve appearance by repairing old buildings and streets?

?4.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on new building than to preserve historic or traditional buildings and homes.

?5.Some people believe that it is Important to follow traditions even when those traditions conflict with or are quite different from their own individual preferences. Do you agree or disagree?

?6.To help grade 11 students (aged 16-17) fulfill university requirements, a high school requires its graduates to attend an activity during the two-month summer break before they start university studies. There are two choices. Which activity do you think would benefit students more and why?

-complete some university-level courses by attending classes that are related to graduates' interested majors.

-under the guide of a teacher, travel to local art museums and historic places with a group of classmates, and then write a paper about the trip.

?7.Some tourists prefer to travel to places that are very popular with other tourists. In these places, there are usually large crowds of visitors waiting to see a famous attraction, such as a monument or historical building. Other tourists prefer to travel to places that are not very popular with other tourists, so that they can enjoy a vacation in a place without large crowds of visitors. Would one would you prefer? Why?

?8.If you go traveling to a city for the first time, but you only have a limited amount of time, which place will you choose?

- touring the historic sites

- go shopping on some markets

- go to the restaurants or café

文化曆史類話題的難點通常在於(yu) 寫(xie) 作素材的不足。“culture”和“history”本身就屬於(yu) 兩(liang) 個(ge) 非常龐大和複雜的學科，裏麵還包含了很多跨學科的知識。所以想要在30分鍾內(nei) 完成一篇論點清晰且論據充分的作文並不簡單。很多同學會(hui) 感覺到即使確立了自己的觀點，也很難構思出具有說服力的解釋和細節充分的例子。

那麽(me) 究竟應該怎樣應對文化曆史類話題呢？

一、抓住“萬(wan) 能”論點

首先，從(cong) 上文展示的幾道題目中同學們(men) 可以看到，無論是修繕保護老建築，還是在旅遊時參觀當地的曆史遺跡，從(cong) 根本上都是對傳(chuan) 統的保護。所以同學們(men) 隻要能夠掌握保護傳(chuan) 統的意義(yi) ，那麽(me) 很多類似的話題都能找到突破口。例如，文化是一個(ge) 民族的根基，一個(ge) 有著自己傳(chuan) 統文化的民族才是自信的，這種自信會(hui) 讓人們(men) 更加團結。此外，學習(xi) 曆史還能使人變得更加思辨，通過前人的經驗教訓來反思自己，探索創新。從(cong) 旅遊的角度來看，了解當地的文化和曆史也可以拓寬視野。

我們(men) 以第三題為(wei) 例▼

In order to attract more tourists, do you think governments should improve safety by hiring more police or improve appearance by repairing old buildings and streets?

●我的觀點：

The best way to attract more travelers lies in the renovation of buildings and streets.

●論點1：

Repairing old buildings and streets helps to preserve culture. The old buildings in many cities, as well as old streets, may serve as the city’s landmark and symbolize its culture. In fact, it is exactly the long-lasting charm of each city’s distinctive culture that many tourists wish to witness with their own eyes during each journey.

●論點2：

The renovation of old buildings and streets helps to enhance the travel experience. Tourists will enjoy more as long as the city provides convenient and comfortable facilities. Consequently, people tend to choose those sightseeing places which boast of high-quality accommodations.

我們(men) 用思維導圖給同學們(men) 簡單總結了一下保護傳(chuan) 統文化和曆史的意義(yi) 。

二、舉(ju) 例的素材要提前準備好

文化曆史類話題在舉(ju) 例部分一定要有具體(ti) 的事例。最直接，同時也是最簡單的方法就是使用某一個(ge) 曆史事件、曆史人物或者旅遊勝地。這樣既可以避免表述抽象，又可以省下臨(lin) 場構思的時間。當然，這一切的前提都是同學們(men) 已經準備好了兩(liang) 至三個(ge) 寫(xie) 作素材以供備用。考慮到文化曆史話題相對固定的出題思路：討論文化、傳(chuan) 統、曆史的重要性和意義(yi) 。兩(liang) 至三個(ge) 寫(xie) 作素材已經完全夠用了。同學們(men) 隻需要根據具體(ti) 的題目內(nei) 容進行選擇並稍加修改就行了。

我們(men) 繼續第三題的例子▼

●論點1：

Repairing old buildings and streets helps to preserve culture. The old buildings in many cities, as well as old streets, may serve as the city’s landmark and symbolize its culture. In fact, it is exactly the long-lasting charm of each city’s distinctive culture that many tourists wish to witness with their own eyes during each journey.

?舉(ju) 例：

Take Taj Mahal, the white marble mausoleum in India as an example. Reputed as the “crown of palaces”, Taj Mahal now attracts more than three million visitors each year. However, during the time of the Indian rebellion of 1857, Taj Mahal was severely defaced by the British soldiers through the chiseling out of many precious stones. It is the sweeping restoration at the end of the 19th century that brings Taj Mahal to its present glory, and boosts the development of India’s tourism as well as economy.

老師用泰姬陵作為(wei) 論點1的例子。具體(ti) 描述了修繕泰姬陵為(wei) 印度的旅遊業(ye) 做出了巨大的貢獻。其實，此類恢複，重建，修繕曆史名勝的例子不勝枚舉(ju) 。從(cong) 中國的長城，到法國的巴黎聖母院。同學們(men) 隻需要簡單了解一下這些曆史遺跡背後的故事和一些基本信息（例如建造的年份，時代背景等），就可以輕鬆完成此類話題的作文了。