托福聽力20/25/28 針對提分方法

這是官方對於(yu) 目前不同的聽力等級的劃分，大家在考試的成績單上都可以看到

托福聽力20/25/28 針對提分方法

大致上符合我們(men) 習(xi) 慣對於(yu) 聽力能力的劃分，不同的是官方的能力劃分上，把22以上到30 都規劃到了一起，但其實22 到30 之間還可以有一個(ge) 25 的斷點。

即以下我們(men) 會(hui) 從(cong) 20 以下//21-25// 25-28+ 3個(ge) 梯隊來說下聽力部分的提分方案。

先來細看下官方的劃分依據，看兩(liang) 個(ge) 的：

17-21 ：導語部分

Test takers who receive a Listening section score at the High-Intermediate level typically understand the main ideas and important details of conversations and lectures that take place in academic settings. 能聽懂主要信息和重要的細節

對於(yu) 22+ 的導語部分：

Test takers who receive a Listening section score at the Advanced level typically understand conversations and lectures that take place in academic settings. 沒有了17-21 階段的“主要信息”的限定修飾， 22+ 的同學，就是所有的信息都能聽懂了

看下具體(ti) 的細則。不同的地方，用不同顏色顯示

17-21 階段的細則

Test takers who score at the High-Intermediate level typically can

■ Understand main ideas and explicitly stated important details that are reinforced (by repetition, paraphrase, or indirect reference).

■ Distinguish main ideas from other information.

■ Keep track of information over an extended portion of an information-rich lecture or conversation, and recognize multiple, possibly conflicting, points of view.

■ Understand how information or examples are being used (for example, to provide support for a claim), and how pieces of information are connected (for example, in a narrative explanation, a compare-and-contrast relationship, or a cause- effect chain).

■ Understand, though perhaps not consistently, ways that speakers use language for purposes other than to give information (for example, to emphasize a point, express agreement or disagreement, express opinions, or convey intentions indirectly), especially when the purpose is supported by intonation.

■ Synthesize information from adjacent parts of a lecture or conversation, and make appropriate inferences on the basis of that information, but may have difficulty synthesizing information from separate parts of a lecture or conversation.

22+ 的細則

Test takers who score at the Advanced level typically can

■ Understand main ideas and explicitly stated important details, even if not reinforced.

■ Distinguish important ideas from less important points.

■ Keep track of conceptually complex, sometimes conflicting, information over extended portions of a lecture.

■ Understand how information or examples are being used (for example, to provide evidence for or against a claim, to make comparisons or draw contrasts, or to express an opinion or a value judgment) and how pieces of information are connected (for example, in a cause-effect relationship).

■ Understand different ways that speakers use language for purposes other than to give information (for example, to express an emotion, to emphasize a point, to convey agreement or disagreement, or to communicate an intention).

■ Synthesize information, even when it is not presented in sequence, and make appropriate inferences on the basis of that information.

對比一下就是 20左右的是隻能聽到主要信息，劇情不能太複雜，並且聽不出文字背後的語氣。

而22以上的同學，不管劇情複雜不複雜，字麵的字間的意思、態度、情緒都能明白。

那這裏就有一個(ge) 問題了，官方的分類貌似沒有分出來我們(men) 成績單分數的22/25/28 + 之間的區別。

那麽(me) 22/25/28 一般有什麽(me) 區別呢？

總的來說 22-25 還是存在能力上提高的需求的。

而25要穩定到28+ 需要的是對於(yu) 題目的整理和分析。也就是25+的人能力肯定是沒有問題的，但是對於(yu) 考試可能了解的還不夠細。

那麽(me) 要怎麽(me) 去提高能力，怎麽(me) 去提高對於(yu) 考試的了解呢？

先給下官方的推薦方式，然後相應的給下具體(ti) 的實操建議

以下是官方的推薦：

托福聽力20/25/28 針對提分方法

https://www.ets.org/toefl/test-takers/ibt/resources/improve-skills/listening/

具體(ti) 來看下

Practice listening to something in English every day, and gradually increase the amount of time that you listen.

這部分總體(ti) 來說，就是通過泛聽，提高絕對的聽力能力

Listen to different types of materials. 聽不同材料
Listen actively. Try to answer the following questions: 能找到下麵這些主要信息
- who
- what
- when
- where
- why
- how
Listen passively to get the general idea of what's being said.
Keep a listening log (a list of everything you listen to in English each day/week). 記錄自己的學習過程
Write a 1-sentence summary to remember the main idea of what you heard. 鍛煉自己概括主旨的能力
Write down new expressions, idioms and vocabulary that you hear. 積累陌生表達
Use dictation and other exercises to help your listening ability.
用聽寫等方式提高聽力能力
- Ask an English speaker to dictate an article to you. Good sources of material are podcasts, magazines or online articles or textbooks.
- First, write down exactly what you hear.
- Then, only take notes on the important points that you hear.
- Do information gap exercises, using unfamiliar content and complex structures.

Use the resources in your community to practice listening to English.

還是屬於(yu) 泛聽的部分，隻是這是在生活裏麵創造一個(ge) 可以聽到英語的環境

Visit places where you can practice listening.
- If possible, enroll in an English class.
- Go to a museum and take an audio tour in English.
- Follow a guided tour in English in your city.
- Call or visit a hotel where tourists stay, and get information in English about room rates, hotel availability or hotel facilities.
- Call and listen to information recorded in English, such as a movie schedule, a weather report or information about an airline flight.
Watch or listen to TV programs and podcasts recorded in English.
- Some helpful TV channels to listen to are CNN®, Discovery Channel® and National Geographic®, as well as soap operas or situation comedies.
- Do this with a friend and talk about the program together.
Watch movies or other videos online (turn off the captions!) or go to a movie in English.
Listen to an audiobook in English.
Listen to English-language recordings that come with a transcript. Listen to each recording at least 3 times: 這個3遍分析聽力文本的方式可以借鑒下
- The first time, take notes about the main ideas you hear.
- The second time, read the transcript and listen for the ideas you wrote down.
- The third time, write down any words and phrases that you didn't understand, and look them up.
Practice speaking English with others. 聽說不分家
- Exchange language lessons with an English speaker who wants to learn your language.

Begin to prepare for academic situations.

以上是生活環境，以下是學習(xi) 環境

Visit academic classes conducted in English.
Record lectures or presentations, and replay them several times.
- Listen to short sections several times, until you understand the main points and the flow of ideas.
- Stop the recording in the middle, and predict what will come next.
Become familiar with the organization or structure of academic lectures. 分析結構
- Pay attention to the difference between main ideas and details presented.
- Listen for the general (main) ideas.
- Pay attention to details — facts, examples, opinions.
Pay attention to the structure.
- Lecture or presentation — introduction, body and conclusion
- Narrative story — beginning, middle and end
Learn to recognize different styles of organization.
- Theory and evidence 理論和證據
- Cause and effect 因果
- Steps of a process 過程
- Comparison of 2 things 對比對照
Think carefully about the purpose of the lecture.
- Try to answer the question, "What is the professor trying to accomplish in this lecture?"
- Write down only the information that you hear. Be careful not to interpret information based on your personal understanding or knowledge of the topic. 學會純粹的接收信息，不要腦補
Develop a note-taking strategy to help you organize information into the main points and supporting details. 嚐試做筆記
- Make sure your notes follow the organization of the lecture.
- Listen for related ideas and relationships within a lecture, and make sure you summarize similar information together.
- Use your notes to write a summary.

Listen for signals that will help you understand the organization of a talk, connections between ideas and the importance of ideas.

以下基本就是聽力核心要考的能力的。簡單概括下，就是讓我們(men) 的耳朵能分辨的出來

主要的、細節的、以及“無關(guan) 信息”

Listen for expressions and vocabulary that tell you the type of information being given. Think carefully about the type of information that these phrases show:
- opinion — I think, It appears that, It is thought that
- theory — in theory
- inference — therefore, then
- negatives — not, words that begin with "un-," "non-," "dis-" or "a-"
- fillers — non-essential information — uh, er, um
Identify digressions — discussion of a different topic from the main topic — or jokes that are not important to the main lecture. It's OK not to understand these!
Listen for signal words or phrases that connect ideas in order to recognize the relationship between ideas. Think carefully about the connection between ideas that these words show:
- reasons — because, since
- results — as a result, so, therefore, thus, consequently
- examples — for example, such as
- comparisons — in contrast, than
- an opposing idea — on the other hand, however
- another idea — furthermore, moreover, besides
- a similar idea — similarly, likewise
- restatements of information — in other words, that is
- conclusions — in conclusion, in summary
Pay attention to the connections between examples.
- When you hear 2 details, identify the relationship between them.
- Write a sentence connecting the examples, using the appropriate connecting word.
Pay attention to intonation and other ways that speakers indicate that information is important. Important key words are often:
- repeated
- paraphrased — repeated information but using different words
- said louder and clearer
- stressed
Pay attention to body language and intonation patterns used to express different emotions.
- Emotions are often expressed through changes in intonation or stress.
- Facial expressions or word choices can indicate excitement, anger, happiness or frustration.
Listen to how native English speakers divide long sentences into "thought groups" to make them easier to understand — a thought group is a spoken phrase or short sentence. Thought groups are separated by short pauses.
- Listen to sets of thought groups to be sure you get the whole idea of the talk.
- Listen for pauses between important points.
Listen for numbers you might hear in prices, times or addresses.
Listen for verbs and other expressions that show if an event is happening in the past, present or future.
During a lecture, pay attention to words that are written on the board.