雅思大作文7分範文及解析：企業主導科研的利弊

利弊類大作文，科技類話題

In today's world, it is private companies rather than the government who pay for and carry out most of the scientific research. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

題目來源：2010年1月14日大陸雅思大作文

1、題目大意

在當今世界，投資和開展大部分科學研究的是私企而不是政府。你認為(wei) 優(you) 點大於(yu) 缺點嗎？

2、思路解析

這是一道利弊類大作文，聊的是企業(ye) 和政府在科研投入和主導上的問題。關(guan) 於(yu) 科研投入的主導權上，無非就是比較政府和企業(ye) 兩(liang) 個(ge) 主體(ti) 的優(you) 劣勢，大家在準備時記下觀點論據即可。利弊類大作文需要強調在論證上體(ti) 現合理性，即在具體(ti) 的分析中，明確能體(ti) 現出一邊的論述的確是大於(yu) 另一邊，或是利弊均等，而利弊是否有說服力並不取決(jue) 於(yu) 觀點的數量，而是內(nei) 容是否有說服力。下麵王珍老師帶大家一起來看下具體(ti) 觀點。

首先來看優(you) 勢，有三方麵。

一是資金投入更加靈活。企業(ye) 在科研上的資金投入可以降低政府的財政負擔。同時，由於(yu) 私企在資金分配上不受政府預算製約，可以根據市場需求和研究前景靈活調整投入。相比之下，政府資助的科研項目可能因為(wei) 預算限製而無法迅速響應新興(xing) 的研究領域或市場變化。

二是更專(zhuan) 注市場需求和效率。由於(yu) 企業(ye) 需要追求營收和利潤，為(wei) 了吸引消費者購買(mai) ，其投資的研究更有可能轉化為(wei) 對消費者有實際用途的產(chan) 品和服務，進而提高了大眾(zhong) 的生活水平。

三是促進競爭(zheng) 並提升創新速度。同一行業(ye) 的企業(ye) 往往存在競爭(zheng) 關(guan) 係，為(wei) 了能夠在競爭(zheng) 中獲勝，企業(ye) 會(hui) 促進研究方法和管理的創新，以提高科研工作的整體(ti) 效率，這也進一步加快了相關(guan) 領域的科研創業(ye) 和突破，使得科技成果更快地轉化為(wei) 實際應用。

然後來看弊端，有兩(liang) 方麵。

一是企業(ye) 主導的研究會(hui) 更偏向部分領域。由於(yu) 企業(ye) 的目標是盈利，因此它們(men) 可能傾(qing) 向於(yu) 投資那些短期內(nei) 能夠帶來明顯經濟回報的研究項目，而忽視了長期的、基礎性或者對社會(hui) 有重要意義(yi) 但不一定直接盈利的研究領域。

二是知識產(chan) 權問題可能阻礙科學知識的共享。企業(ye) 進行的科研活動往往伴隨著嚴(yan) 格的知識產(chan) 權保護，這可能限製了科學知識的開放共享，阻礙了科學進步的速度和範圍。這與(yu) 公共研究機構推崇的開放科學原則相悖，可能導致重要的科研成果無法廣泛傳(chuan) 播和應用。

3、提綱

雅思大作文7分範文及解析：企業(ye) 主導科研的利弊（附2024年寫(xie) 作預測領取）

4、高分範文示例

The dawn of innovative methodologies and novel materials often ignites a swift ascent and evolution of pertinent industries, yielding a bounty of profits. Consequently, this attracts a deluge of investment into scientific exploration from the private sector. The increasing trend of corporate-backed research eclipsing government-sponsored projects has stirred public discourse. I, however, hold the conviction that the potential benefits of this trend substantially tip the scales against the drawbacks.

Critics argue that the increasing hegemony of private entities in the research arena may inadvertently undermine basic science research and projects with a lower projected return on investment, given their project selection criteria. Driven by the relentless pursuit of profit, these corporations naturally gravitate towards research sectors that promise immediate, fruitful outcomes that can be seamlessly integrated into the industries and monetized. Thus, such entities may lack the incentive to inject capital into ventures which may not yield immediate dividends, but are crucial for the long-term advancement of humanity, such as fundamental physics and mathematics. Similarly, when weighing the cost-benefit analysis, they often sidestep 'losing propositions', like the development of treatments for a handful of patients afflicted with specific rare ailments. Moreover, the tantalizing allure of burgeoning profits enables large corporations to poach researchers from national institutes by offering inflated salaries and additional perks, which could potentially impede the progression of certain research. Yet, these hurdles appear to be surmountable, as governments can counteract this by enhancing their employees’ compensation packages, and bestowing researchers with prestigious accolades that would elevate their societal standing. Moreover, governments can entice researchers with perks that corporations may fall short of providing, such as fiscal incentives.

Conversely, the financial patronage offered by private companies carries substantial advantages. Firstly, since these corporations are motivated by the profits that stem from their research, their projects are likely to be intrinsically tied to the everyday lives of the populace, potentially enhancing their quality of life. Secondly, the financial backing provided by these corporations could alleviate the government’s burden of funding, freeing up resources to invest in research of more profound significance. Research geared towards the continuous refinement of everyday commodities is undeniably integral to elevating societal welfare, but it does strain public coffers. The fiscal contribution of private corporations permits the government to reduce its spending on these areas and focus on more ambitious objectives that require a more extended payoff period. In essence, the dominance of corporations in the majority of scientific research, coupled with other government-backed research, could represent an equitable distribution of societal responsibility.

In conclusion, while the preponderance of private investment in scientific research has elicited concern due to its potential neglect of certain sectors, corporations execute practical projects and alleviate the government's financial burden. This allows for larger allocations to pioneering technology and non-profit research, thereby fostering balanced development across various societal domains.

5、相關(guan) 詞匯和語法結構

Innovative methodologies 創新方法論

Novel materials 新穎材料

Swift ascent and evolution 快速崛起和演變

Pertinent industries 相關(guan) 產(chan) 業(ye)

Deluge of investment 投資洪流

Public discourse 公共話語

Relentless pursuit of profit 對利潤的無情追求

Seamlessly integrated 無縫集成

Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析

Losing propositions 失敗的建議

Tantalizing allure 誘人的魅力