SAT閱讀題如何再提高30分？

考前半個月SAT閱讀還能再提30分？

五月的sat考試越來越近了，在最後的半個(ge) 月裏，我們(men) 還能做點什麽(me) ，才能把閱讀分數再往上拔一拔呢？可以重點訓練以下三個(ge) 方麵。

01曆史話題文章：

熟悉考察頻率比較高的，和美國曆史相關(guan) 的話題。記住曆史話題最重要的兩(liang) 個(ge) 考點：話題+方向性。另外，記住高頻曆史事件的年份，可以幫助我們(men) 通過引言快速的判斷曆史話題的方向。常考的美國曆史相關(guan) 話題有：

01Indepence War（1775-1783）

正：Britain—mother country

負：Independence — （Founding Fathers：Thomas Jefferson）

02constitutional convention（1787）

正：confederation（state rights > federal rights)

負：federation (federal rights > state rights)

03Civil War (1861-1865）

正：anti- slavery （Lincoln— House Divided Speech）

負：support slavery （Stephen Douglas）

- 問答時間 -

看到一篇文章之後，如何快速地確定話題和方向性呢？

主要通過introduction和topic sentence，兩(liang) 個(ge) 地方。

例如下麵這個(ge) 雙篇文章的introduction；

1.Passage 1 is adapted from a speech delivered in 1854 by Stephen Douglas, "Defense of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill." In 1854, Douglas, a senator from Illinois, proposed a bill allowing voters in the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether slavery should be permitted there. When enacted, the bill would effectively repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which prohibited slavery in these territories. Passage 2 is adapted from a speech delivered in 1856 by Charles Sumner, "The Crime against Kansas." Sumner was a senator from Massachusetts.

01、在passage 1的introduction中提到了兩(liang) 個(ge) 重要的曆史文件，Missouri Compromise —是反對奴隸製的，另外一個(ge) 是Kansas-Nebraska Bill，repeal了Missouri Compromise，所以應該是支持奴隸製的。而本文作者，defense了Kansas-Nebraska Bill，所以第一篇文章的作者是支持奴隸製的。根據雙篇對比文章的規律，第二篇文章大概率就是反對奴隸製了。

除了可以通過introduction看出文章的話題和方向，還可以通過尋找文章中的topic sentence，作為(wei) 一篇議論文，曆史話題文章的topic sentence，比較有可能出現在：

1.第一段最後一句

2.第二段開頭句

3.最後一段首句

4.轉折之後

這幾個(ge) 位置。

例如剛才那個(ge) 例子，對應的passage 1正文第一段內(nei) 容：

The argument of [my opponents] is predicated upon the assumption that the policy of the fathers of the republic was to prohibit slavery in all the territory ceded by the old states to the Union and made United States territory for the purpose of being organized into new states. I take issue upon that statement.

第一段第一句，先提出了opponent，反方的觀點，覺得應該prohibit slavery，又在第一段最後用了一個(ge) 明顯的轉折，所以可以看出作者仍然是支持slavery的。

02、小說話題文章：

重點訓練對於(yu) 人物關(guan) 係和轉折邏輯的理解

2.1人物關(guan) 係

想看清楚人物關(guan) 係，要注意introduction的介紹，以及文章中的代詞指代。例如：

This passage is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt (Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in Calcutta, India.

這篇文章的introduction就提到了四個(ge) 人物，主人公Sandeep，他的媽媽，他的嬸嬸Mamima和他的叔叔Chhotomama

Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a small, painted shed which had the following words on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed through the window. The boys interrupted their game to give Chhotomama directions to the house in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their first child.

“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling down the window.

“A girl,” said the boy.

在正文中又先後出現了two boys（old couple的鄰居），the old couple，their son and daughter-in-law（注意這裏的their指代的是old couple）以及their first child（注意這裏的their指代的是old couple的兒(er) 子和媳婦），短短的幾行文章就提到了11個(ge) 人，還涉及了同一個(ge) 代詞不同的指代關(guan) 係，隻有理清楚這些人物的關(guan) 係，才能更好的理解文章。

2.2轉折邏輯

除了人物關(guan) 係，小說文章中還有一個(ge) 重要的信息，就是情節上的轉折邏輯，尤其要注意段首句表示的段間的轉折關(guan) 係。例如：

From the start, I told Frankie she was in charge, and the arrangement seemed to please her. She got to work at once, methodically making her way throughCal's files, hunting down marketing and sales people--and even my father-when I was of no help.If she noticed the way her new colleagues whispered about her American assertiveness, she didn't let it bother her.

In contrast, I treated the work like a college class: doing the minimum it took to get by. I tried to coerce Frankie into taking breaks by showing her hilarious pictures I'd found on the Internet and bombarding her computer with inane instant messages. She'd s indulge me for a minute or two before returning to work, but after I emailed her a third cat picture, she spun around to face me and said, "Look, I realize your uncle hired me mostly as a favor to you, but really think I can make a difference around here."

Duly chastised, I began to read the files she deemed most relevant, and the more I learned, the more I had to admit that some of this stuff was actually interesting. Who knew that specialty food producers from bastions of Americana as Gainesville, Florida, and Louisville, Kentucky, had begun to experiment with artisanal soy sauce? According toa prominent food magazine

第一段段首句可以明顯看出，Frankie對於(yu) 她的工作的態度是很正麵的。第二段開頭的in contrast，是一個(ge) 明顯的轉折關(guan) 係，我的態度和她截然相反，doing the minimum。最後一段，當我開始認真翻閱材料的時候，又發現這項工作還是很interesting，後前一段又是一個(ge) 態度上的轉折關(guan) 係。

所以後麵出了一個(ge) narrator態度轉變的題目：

Over the course of the passage, the narrator's attitude toward her job gradually changes from one of

A) moderate anxiety to calm contentment.

B) casual unconcern to eager engagement.

C) obstinate apathy to reluctant cooperation.

D) pronounced pessimism to unreserved optimism.

就應該選擇B答案，一開始是漫不經心，然後積極參與(yu)

2.3雙篇對比文章

閱讀中的雙篇對比文章，是很多考生很頭疼的一篇文章，這一篇文章，最重要的是抓好每個(ge) 單篇文章的作者觀點，以及其中的轉折邏輯關(guan) 係。例如：

passage 1

At the 2007 American Geophysical Union's meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern ice cap almost 13,000 years ago—showering debris across the North American continent and causing temperatures to plunge for the next millennium.

The team argues that its idea explains multiple observations: not only the climate cooling and the disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the near-simultaneous extinction of the continent's large mammals.

Not all will be convinced. Several leading hypotheses already explain each of these three events. A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to have brought about the onset of the millennium-long cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this change in climate.

The new evidence comes in the form of geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at archaeological sites across North America-9 of them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of glass and carbon, and amounts of the element iridium said to be too high to have originated on Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of carbonized material, which the team says are the remains of wildfires that swept across the continent after the impact.

第一段先給出了一個(ge) 理論，comet和asteroid爆炸，導致地球溫度降低。第二段進一步解釋了這個(ge) 理論。第三段段首句Not all will be convinced 有一個(ge) 明顯的段間轉折關(guan) 係，提出了反方觀點，最後一段首句又給出的新證據，證明了撞擊理論，和第三段又是轉折關(guan) 係。整篇文章來看，作者更傾(qing) 向於(yu) 支持撞擊理論。

passage 2

Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites), microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant fields, however, who either did not detect such evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological formations, and that magnetic particles could come from ordinary fires.

Now comes what some researchers consider the strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas, looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the Americas….

The supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on both theoretical and empirical grounds," says Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides" simple explanations for complex problems." Thus, "giant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad appeal," Meltzer says, whereas" no one in Hollywood makes movies" about more nuanced explanations, such as Clovis points disappearing because early Americans turned to other forms of stone tool technology as the large mammals they were hunting went extinct as a result of the changing climate or hunting pressure.

But impact proponents appear unmoved by the new study." We still stand fully behind the [impact hypothesis], which is based on more than a confluence of dates," says Richard Firestone, a nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California." Radiocarbon dating is a…

第一段的開頭先給出撞擊理論的proponent，支持者的觀點。中間一個(ge) however來到了反方。第二段段首句attack繼續反駁。第三段段首句繼續提到了fail，反駁撞擊理論。最後一段一個(ge) 轉折關(guan) 係，提到支持撞擊理論的人不為(wei) 所動。整篇文章來看，反方觀點為(wei) 主。

所以當雙篇文章對比出題的時候，問到雙篇文章的關(guan) 係：

Which statement best describes the relationship between the two passages?

A. Passage 2 presents a critique of the central hypothesis described in Passage 1. 

B. Passage 2 explains the scientific question addressed by the central hypothesis developed in Passage 1.

C. Passage 2 discusses possible implications of the central hypothesis summarized in Passage 1.

D. Passage 2 identifies evidence in favor of the central hypothesis advanced in Passage 1.

應該選擇A答案，critique，相互反駁。