Cohesion到底是什麽(2) 看完或許會多考0.5分！

在上一期中，給大家分析了cohesion包括的三個(ge) 方麵:

1. transition signals

2. referencing by usingpronouns

3. using substitution

上一次分析了第一個(ge) 部分transition signals，比如下圖的(firstly, additionally)，今天我們(men) 接著說第2和3部分。▼

Referencingand Substitution1.人稱代詞的一致性

下麵圖片來自<Writing Academic Enlgish>。簡單總結，人稱保持一直，單複數保持一致。▼

2：指示代詞 (主要四個(ge) : this, that,these, those)

(1). 指代前文提到的事物，不同的詞表示遠近和單複數的不同，小學內(nei) 容，不贅述。I like this picture.I like that picture.I like these pictures.I likethose pictures.

(2). 可以用this 和 that指前麵提到的整句話或觀點，這種情況下，兩(liang) 者幾乎沒有差別。Advertisements can act as a strong persuasion device to seemingly hypnotize people into buying goods and services. This is so because of the tactics placed in the messages. （This指代前麵的整句話）

3. 非限製性定語從(cong) 句which 指代前一個(ge) 句子

提示: 僅(jin) 適用於(yu) 英聯邦語法體(ti) 係，參加北美考試的考生勿用。段落來自劍橋雅思9第167頁考官範文第三段▼

➀However, there may be better ways of tackling ➁this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract the already fit, not ③those who most need ④them. Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, for example by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done. ⑤This has the added benefit that parents and children often use ⑥them together just for fun, ⑦which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age.⑦which就是一個(ge) 非限製定語從(cong) 句, which指代前麵的句子。

段落中1-6是對前麵提到的cohension的很好呈現，你都能看的出來嗎？比如⑤This就是指代前麵句子中的觀點。

4. this/these + summary phrase (用單詞或短語對上一句話進行概括)

還是剛剛那篇文章，下麵是開頭段▼A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle.

（1）this worrying trend 就替代了前麵的declining level of health.......,（2）其次，第二句話的solution跟前麵的problem也是很好的對應。

（3）這篇文章接下來的段落一開頭又用了this指代上一段的to provide more sports facilitiesAdvocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time.

有沒有發現，這些考官範文就是牛逼！

5. usingsynonyms（同義(yi) 詞替換）

這個(ge) 是最好理解的，純粹的考查詞匯量。比如下麵這個(ge) 官方範例中就用celebrities 代替了famous people.▼

記住今天的這5個(ge) 知識點了嗎？對於(yu) 提升文章的cohesion還有兩(liang) 個(ge) 適用的妙招呢，下次給大家分享。