英文學術寫作觀點與素材整理（教育與就業）

在本專(zhuan) 欄中，我會(hui) 編寫(xie) 一些常見話題的寫(xie) 作素材和觀點。本期的素材話題為(wei) How to bridge the gap between education and work？(如何縮短教育和就業(ye) 之間的差距)。

在談論到大學生找工作、技能差距、大學教育等話題時，都可以參考下麵的素材和觀點。

藍色標注的為(wei) 相關(guan) 話題詞匯和表達。

Social Trends社會(hui) 趨勢

1 Senior students of today are usually confronted with the dilemma of whether to continue their studies or seek work immediately upon graduation. Those opting for the latter may face the prospect of failing to find decent jobs, as the labour market is increasingly competitive and employment prospects gloomier.

如今的大學高年級學生經常麵臨(lin) 著繼續讀書(shu) 還是畢業(ye) 後立馬就業(ye) 的困境。隨著勞動力市場競爭(zheng) 越來越大且就業(ye) 前景更加黯淡，那些選擇後者的學生可能會(hui) 麵臨(lin) 找不到好工作的情況。

2 As is the case in many countries, there is a mismatch between what is learnt in the classroom and what employers expect from prospective employees. Educational qualifications, it turns out, are not necessarily a measure of one's competence, but serve as an effective, if not optimal, way for recruiters to select those most likely to be qualified. This has in recent years prompted a mania among the young for pursuing ever-higher levels of education simply to meet the entry requirement for many jobs, with no notable increase in sought-after talent.

學生在課堂中所學的內(nei) 容和雇主期望潛在雇員所擁有的能力之間存在差距，在很多國家都存在這種情況。事實證明，教育資曆並不一定能證明一個(ge) 人的能力，但是教育資曆卻是招聘者選拔最有可能合格的應聘者一個(ge) 有效方式，即便不是最佳方式。這在近些年導致了年輕人狂熱地追求越來越高層次的教育，僅(jin) 僅(jin) 為(wei) 了滿足很多工作所要求的門檻條件，而備受青睞的人才數量並沒有明顯的提升。

Measures措施

Universities高校

Universities should introduce more courses on practical skills, geared towards students hoping to embark on a vocational track, while imparting theoretical knowledge to those choosing an academic track. Besides making higher education more vocationally-oriented, educational institutions should also place greater emphasis on the cultivation of soft skills, such as teamwork and problem-solving, that are vital to career development.

高校在向走學術路線的學生灌輸理論知識的同時，也應當引入更多關(guan) 於(yu) 實用技能的課程，專(zhuan) 門針對希望走職業(ye) 路線的學生。除了使高等教育更加職業(ye) 化之外，教育院校也應該更加重視培養(yang) 對職業(ye) 發展很重要的軟技能，比如團隊合作和解決(jue) 問題的能力。

Companies企業(ye)

By offering various internships and targeted training programmes, companies can help facilitate the transference of skills students acquire at school to the workplace. Public enterprises should take the lead by co-operating with designated universities and colleges to develop talent, which, if successful, could be duplicated by the private sector.

通過提供各類實習(xi) 和針對性的培訓方案，企業(ye) 可以幫助促進學生將在學校學到的技能轉到職場中。公共企業(ye) 應帶頭與(yu) 指定的高校合作來培養(yang) 人才，如果這樣做有效果的話，也許可以被私有部門模仿。

Individuals個(ge) 人

School education and corporate training alone do not suffice to guarantee life-long employment. Technological change makes it imperative for people to constantly upgrade their skills throughout their working life.

光靠學校教育和企業(ye) 培訓並不足以保持一輩子有工作。科技變更使得人們(men) 在其職業(ye) 生涯中需要不斷更新技能。

舉(ju) 例：With the rise of the Internet economy in the last few years, for example, some adventurous youth have carved out a niche as live-streamers, deploying their verbal dexterity and marketing skills to earn a living. Conversely, many bricks-and-mortar stores that have been reluctant to shift online have seen their patrons taper off.