這一篇講解幾組常用的副詞,適當使用可以使寫(xie) 作表達更加簡潔地道。
1 範圍副詞
範圍副詞表示在某個(ge) 具體(ti) 方麵,一種常見的用法就是範圍副詞+形容詞,表示在某方麵怎樣/對...怎樣。以大家很熟悉的environmentally friendly為(wei) 例:environmentally friendly=friendly to the environment
environmentally作狀語,和介詞狀語to the environment所起的作用完全相同,但是顯然前者更簡潔,也更常見。再比如:
environmentally damaging對環境有害的=damaging to the environment
environmentally aware有環保意識的=aware of environmental protection
常用的範圍副詞還有:
【表示領域】politically、economically、culturally、academically、commercially、socially、globally
【與(yu) 人相關(guan) 】physically、mentally、emotionally、psychologically、morally比如:
①socially acceptable behaviour被社會(hui) 認可的行為(wei) =behaviour that is accepted by society
②a culturally diverse society多元文化的社會(hui) =a society that is home to diverse cultures範圍副詞除了修飾形容詞,還可以修飾動作/整句話。
比如上一篇中講到的excel academically=excel at school=perform well at school。再舉(ju) 幾個(ge) 例子:
1)Compulsive surfing can harm health both physically and mentally.沉迷上網可能會(hui) 對身心造成危害。
2)Obesity is a globally recognised problem today.如今,肥胖是一個(ge) 全球公認的問題。=Obesity is a problem that is recognised around the globe today.
3)The pandemic may deal a heavy blow to(嚴(yan) 重打擊) a country economically and culturally. =The pandemic may deal a heavy blow to a country's economy and culture.
2 程度副詞partly/largely
partly/largely是程度副詞,表示在一定程度上/在很大程度上。如:rely partly/largely on。在寫(xie) 作中適當地適應,可以避免內(nei) 容過於(yu) 絕對。比如下麵這句話:Whether graduates can land decent jobs depends on their educational background.畢業(ye) 生是否能找到好工作取決(jue) 於(yu) 其教育背景。
這句話的說法就很絕對,因為(wei) 因素不可能隻有educational background這一個(ge) 。在depend後麵加個(ge) largely,就可以使整句話更加合理:
Whether graduates can land decent jobs depends largely on their educational background.partly/largely常與(yu) 表示原因的表達或結構搭配,表示部分原因/主要原因: Carbon emissions are largely to blame for global warming.碳排放是造成全球變暖的主要原因。
Many children are addicted to online games partly because they lack parental company.很多孩子沉迷於(yu) 網絡遊戲,部分原因是缺乏父母的陪伴。
類似的程度副詞還有:
commonly、generally、widely、mostly、mainly
3 potentially 可能地
potentially表示可能地,是potential(可能的;潛能)的副詞形式。potentially常用於(yu) 修飾形容詞, 與(yu) possibly是同義(yi) 詞。如:one potentially alarming trend一個(ge) 可能令人擔憂的趨勢。
如果是放在句子表語中,很多情況下就相當於(yu) may be。如:
This policy is potentially disadvantageous to students from deprived backgrounds.該政策可能不利於(yu) 寒門學子。
=This policy may be disadvantageous to students from deprived backgrounds.【注意,may be不能寫(xie) 成了maybe(副詞)】 如果不是放在謂語的位置,而是放在句子其它位置,比如放在狀語前麵修飾狀語,此時就隻能使用副詞potentially/possibly,不能用may。如:
1 That puts even more financial pressure on firms, potentially leading to more job losses.這給各大企業(ye) 造成了甚至更大的財政負擔,從(cong) 而可能會(hui) 導致更多的工作流失。
2 Global warming has accelerated in recent years, possibly because of the explosion in car ownership.近年來全球變暖加快了,可能是因為(wei) 買(mai) 車人數的猛增。
再比如兩(liang) 個(ge) 表語形容詞並列,需要對其中一個(ge) 形容詞進行額外的修飾,表示可能,使用potentially/possibly就比may be更簡潔地道: mobiles health apps are becoming more capable and potentially rather useful.移動健康應用變得功能越來越強大,而且可能相當有用。
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