Junior WSD比賽中Rebuttal的不同方法分享

Rebuttal是辯論比賽中的重要技能之一

但這個(ge) 環節也容易產(chan) 生誤區

比方說有的同學會(hui) 以為(wei) 提出一個(ge) 反例

就可以推翻對方的論點了

結果卻是一拳打在了棉花上

今天我們(men) 繼續邀請到了

資深教練Robert Raos為(wei) 大家介紹 Junior WSD比賽中 Rebuttal的不同方法 讓你在賽場上更有效地反駁對手！

Robert Raos

超6年World School/BP辯論及教學經驗

Radboud大學辯論隊主席

曾獲多項國際辯論賽事冠軍(jun) ，包括歐洲Queer公開賽2020，芝加哥公開賽2022等。

Junior World Schools debating is not a public speaking competition. The winning team is not the one that makes the most beautiful rhetorical flourishes, the one that is the most fluent in English, or the one that is the best at using powerful language. Rather, the winning team is the one that proves their arguments and disproves the arguments of the enemy team. Engagement with the opposing bench is a prerequisite for any major success in Junior World Schools Debating. Responding to, attacking, or flipping the claims by the enemy team in Junior WSD is called rebuttal. This article will delve into the art of rebuttal and outline the different ways rebuttal can be used to help you succeed in Junior World Schools Debating.

Junior WSD和公開演講比賽的不同在於(yu) ，勝出的隊伍不一定是修辭最優(you) 美、英語最流利、最善於(yu) 使用有力語言的隊伍，而是能夠證明我方論點並反駁對方論點的隊伍。與(yu) 對方辯手的較量是在Junior WSD比賽中取得關(guan) 鍵勝利的先決(jue) 條件。在Junior WSD比賽中，對敵方隊伍的主張進行回應、攻擊或逆轉，稱為(wei) 反駁（Rebuttal）。本文將深入探討Rebuttal的藝術，並概述Rebuttal的不同方式，幫助大家在Junior WSD比賽中取得成功。

Rebuttal refers to the different tactics a team can use to engage with the enemy team. The common goal of all of them is to disprove, mitigate, or overtake a claim. Interestingly, providing a counterexample is not sufficient to rebut an argument. This debate format is primarily about logic and analysis, hence real-world empirical examples are not seen as sufficient to take down an argument.

Instead, the target of your attack should be the analysis presented by the enemy.

When listening to an argument, you need to write down the mechanisms the other team forwards. One of the most common ways to rebut them is to attack their mechanisms.

#1、Prove That It Isn't True

否定論點真實性

The first way to attack a mechanism is to prove that it isn't true. Explain the reasons why a claim that your opponents are making does not occur.

For example, if an enemy team argues that living in a city provides more job opportunities for young people, then highlighting how the economy has increased demand for manual labor in rural areas disproves this claim.

#2 、Question Its Likelihood

質疑論點可能性

Another way to attack an argument is to question its likelihood. That is, even if a claim might be logically true, it is uncertain how likely it is.

If the enemy team posits that violent video games make people commit violent crimes, it is reasonable to respond by saying that – while this is a possibility – it is highly unlikely given that most people are capable of separating reality from fiction.

#3、Provide Counter-mechanization

提供反機製

One of the best ways to attack an argument is to flip it. What that means is proving that the impact your enemy is trying to claim happens more on your side of the house.

If your opponent is claiming that lower taxation leads to faster economic growth then, by successfully proving that high taxation leads to faster economic growth, you succeed in flipping their arguments.

The way you achieve this is by providing counter-mechanization. You give better mechanisms than the enemy team as to why the impact they are trying to gain happens exclusively on your side of the house.

#4Reducing The Scope Of Impact

削弱論點影響力

Another popular form of rebuttal is called mitigation. Mitigation refers to reducing the scope of impact of the enemy argument. When you are unable to defeat or flip an argument, mitigation should be your go-to strategy.

For example, arguing that movies and video games usually have an age restriction that prevents children from being exposed to violent content mitigates the impact of the argument previously described. It may still be logically sensible that video games may cause violence, but the introduction of age restrictions reduces the harm of this claim.

#5Counter-impacting

反證論點影響力

The final form of rebuttal and my personal favorite is counter-impacting. In many cases, you can accept the analysis of the enemy team and just argue that the thing they claim is bad is actually good – or vice versa.

For instance, if the enemy team successfully proves that students spend less time studying in public schools compared to private schools, they may say this is a negative consequence of public schooling. A perfectly legitimate response to this would be to accept the fact that students study less in public schools – but – this is actually a good thing since it gives kids more free time to enjoy their childhood and explore other interests.

All of the aforementioned types of rebuttal can be used to take down the enemy case

介紹完Rebuttal的不同方式後 讓我們(men) 來看一個(ge) 具體(ti) 的例子：

Motion： This House Supports the Rise of Social Media Influencers   Proposition Claim: There is accountability on social media platforms. If an influencer commits an immoral act, such as spreading hateful messages to children on the Internet, fans cancel them. They do this by asking their sponsors to drop their contracts with them, by making response videos asking them to step down, and by boycotting their content – all of this to decrease their revenue stream.

Opposition Rebuttal: There is no accountability on social media. Even if fans manage to get some sponsors to drop a problematic influencer, there will always be other companies willing to pay them in exchange for exposure. Additionally, boycotts are ineffective because not all people share the same moral compass, meaning that it is very unlikely that the entirety of an influencer's audience decides to stop consuming their content once they do something problematic.

Rebuttal不愧是辯論取勝的重要環節

通過Coach Robert今天介紹的幾種方法

相信選手們(men) 可以在接下來的時間裏

打開思路、拓寬角度，更好地備賽！