PART ONE
John Locke 開題
昨天,早早通知說要1月份出題的John Locke,終於(yu) 在1月的最後一天履行了諾言。 作為(wei) 社科類最具含金量的論文競賽之一,今年的題目難度創曆史新高,堪稱史詩級。
往年的John Locke的題目,相對都是選擇在對於(yu) 高中生比較熟悉的議題領域。而今年的題目,不僅(jin) 話題變得更感敏感和政治色彩化,對於(yu) 學生的知識體(ti) 係和思考深度的要求,也近乎達到了完全超出高中生的水平。
機構的John Locke教研團隊的老師,經過反複的審核確認,確保對於(yu) 題目的理解和翻譯準確後,方便大家閱讀。機構教研團隊也專(zhuan) 門針對相對難度較大的問題,添加了解釋,還補充了相關(guan) 的延申閱讀的材料,希望幫助感興(xing) 趣的同學更好的理解題意。
希望在大家決(jue) 定躍躍欲試開始挑戰日益強調思辨性的John Locke比賽前,認真的思考和理解這些問題背後的問題。機構也將邀請專(zhuan) 業(ye) 老師直播對各個(ge) 方向的題目做深度的解析,幫助同學們(men) 理解課題選擇真正合適的方向。
希望參賽的同學們(men) 真正把這幾個(ge) 月的比賽準備,變成真正的思維盛宴!
2023 John Locke 題目
1、Philosophy哲學類
Q1. A team of scientists wants to discover how many genders there are. How should they proceed?
一組科學家希望探索到底有多少種性別。他們(men) 該怎麽(me) 做?
Q2. In what sense are you the same person today that you were when you were ten?
在何種意義(yi) 下,現在的你和當年十歲時候的你,是同一個(ge) 人?
Q3. Is tax theft?
稅收是偷盜嗎?
2、Politics政治類
Q1. Do the results of elections express the will of the people?
選舉(ju) 結果是否能夠反映民意?
Q2. If China becomes the leading superpower, what would that mean for the people who live there? What would it mean for everyone else?
如果中國成為(wei) 世界第一的超級大國,對於(yu) 生活在中國的人意味著什麽(me) ?對於(yu) 其他地方的人又意味著什麽(me) ?
Q3. What might account for the different levels of political corruption in your own country and your country's nearest neighbour?
在你的國家,是什麽(me) 造成不同程度的政治腐敗?在你國家最臨(lin) 近的國家呢?
3、Economics經濟類
Q1. A government funds its own expenditure by taxing its population. Suppose, instead, it relied solely on money newly created by the central bank? What would be the advantages and/or disadvantages?
一個(ge) 政府通常通過向人民征稅來為(wei) 自己的支出提供資金。但如果它隻依賴中央銀行印出的新錢來支付財政開支的話,將會(hui) 怎麽(me) 樣?這樣做的好處和壞處是什麽(me) ?
Q2. In his thought experiment, the Iowa Car Crop, David Friedman tries to show that growing wheat is, in an important sense, just another 'technology' we can use for manufacturing cars, and in some circumstances a much more efficient one.
If international trade is thus a way of using less valuable inputs to produce more valuable outputs, why would governments impose trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas, thereby forcing producers to be more wasteful and less efficient?
在大衛弗裏德曼的“愛荷華汽車和糧食”思想實驗中,他嚐試展示,從(cong) 某一個(ge) 角度來說,種植小麥其實隻是我們(men) 用來製造汽車的另一種“技術”。甚至一定程度上來說,這種技術還要更加高效。
如果國際貿易可以用價(jia) 值更低的產(chan) 品(如小麥)去換取價(jia) 值更高的產(chan) 品(如汽車),那為(wei) 什麽(me) 政府要強加關(guan) 稅、限額等各種貿易壁壘,從(cong) 而迫使生產(chan) 者變得更加浪費和低效(如因為(wei) 限額,生產(chan) 出來的小麥無法換取更多的汽車而造成浪費)?
【解釋一下,這個(ge) Freedman的意思是,如果我們(men) 通過種植小麥,並用小麥去和日本做貿易以交換汽車,相比於(yu) 自己製造汽車來說,這種國際貿易的方法可以更高效的獲得汽車】
【關(guan) 於(yu) Iowa Car Crop的具體(ti) 內(nei) 容,可以相關(guan) 參考文章:】
https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/economics-at-its-best-the-story-of-the-iowa-car-crop/
Q3. What would happen if we banned billionaires?
如果禁止億(yi) 萬(wan) 富豪的產(chan) 生,會(hui) 發生什麽(me) ?
4、History曆史類
Q1. How much richer or poorer are the British today than they would have been without the effects of British colonialism?
如果沒有當年的殖民政策,今天的英國會(hui) 變得更窮還是更富?會(hui) 比現在富多少或者窮多少呢?
Q2. Which has a bigger effect on history: the plans of the powerful or their mistakes?
有權力者的計劃和他們(men) 所犯的錯誤,哪個(ge) 對曆史有更大的影響?
Q3. Which characteristics distinguish successful movements for social change from unsuccessful ones?
哪些特質可以用來區分成功的和不成功的社會(hui) 變革運動?
5、Psychology心理學類
Q1. Can happiness be measured?
幸福可以被測量嗎?
Q2. In surveys conducted in the United States, significantly more than half the respondents reported that they believed themselves to be more attractive than the median person in their country. How might we account for this?
在美國的一些調查中發現,超過一半的受訪者認為(wei) 他們(men) 比自己國家的中位數人群要更加有吸引力。我們(men) 應該如何解釋這個(ge) 現象?
Q3. Are beliefs voluntary?
信仰是自主選擇的嗎?
【這個(ge) 問題是心理學和哲學的經典問題,如希望深入理解這道題,可參考斯坦福大學的相關(guan) 文章:】
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/
6、Theology神學類
Q1. What distinguishes a small religion from a large cult?
如何區分一個(ge) 小型宗教和一個(ge) 大型邪教?
Q2. If you cannot persuade your intelligent, sympathetic friends to embrace your religious belief system, do you have enough reason to believe what you believe?
如果你無法說服你聰明又有同情心的朋友來接受你的信仰體(ti) 係,你還有足夠的理由去相信你自己的信仰嗎?
Q3. What was God doing before He created the cosmos?
上帝在創造宇宙前,祂在幹什麽(me) ?
7、Law法學類
Q1. Would justice be better served in the United States if more Supreme Court judges were women?
如果最高法院大法官中有更多的女性,會(hui) 對美國的司法公正更有幫助嗎?
【關(guan) 於(yu) 美國最高法院大法官製度 ,可以參考美國法院的相關(guan) 解釋文章】:
https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/about
Q2. Suppose that you were contemplating, in violation of the rules of this competition, submitting an essay written for you by artificial intelligence. What would be the difference between such an act and ordinary attempted theft?
假如你在明知違反這次比賽規則的情況下,提交了一篇讓人工智能幫你寫(xie) 的文章。這種行為(wei) 和普通的偷竊未遂,有什麽(me) 區別?
Q3. Are there too many laws?
是不是法律有點太多了?
JUNIOR prize初中組
Q1. Is safety more important than fun?
安全感比趣味性更重要嗎?
Q2. If you had $10 billion to spend on making the world better, how would you spend it?
如果你有100億(yi) 美金可以用來讓世界變得更美好,你想要怎麽(me) 花這筆錢?
Q3. What, if anything, do your parents owe you?
你的父母欠你什麽(me) 嗎?
Q4. What is something important, about which nearly everybody is wrong?
有沒有哪件事情,它本身很重要,但幾乎所有人都對它理解錯誤?
Q5. Why is John Locke sometimes called the father of liberalism?
為(wei) 什麽(me) 約翰洛克有時候會(hui) 被稱作自由主義(yi) 之父?
評論已經被關(guan) 閉。