機考SAT 閱讀篤定“重複原則”就好

首先文本類型的題目（包括閱讀聽力和類似TOEFL 口語寫(xie) 作的綜合題）的核心都是重複，所以這個(ge) 點不是SAT 閱讀或者機考SAT 閱讀（Digital SAT）所特有的。‍‍‍

一個(ge) 考試文本類型題目的簡單和難往往在於(yu) 重複的難度，比如一般覺得雅思的閱讀是比較簡單的，就是因為(wei) 正確答案和原文的重複率很高，而GRE 的閱讀會(hui) 比雅思的難，主要也是因為(wei) GRE 的正確答案和原文的重複是更為(wei) 廣義(yi) 的，不是簡單的同義(yi) 詞替換。‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

機考SAT 的重複本身來說有簡單的，也有複雜的。這裏綜述下閱讀部分不同題型的重複特點‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

官方把機考SAT 的語文部分的題型分為(wei) 以下幾類‍‍‍‍

機考SAT 閱讀，篤定“重複原則”就好

前麵兩(liang) 行是閱讀部分的（後麵兩(liang) 個(ge) 是語法的），對標著，我們(men) 的閱讀一共有以下幾個(ge) 題型‍‍

words 詞匯題
Evidence （Textual & Quantitative）證據題
Inferences 推理題
Central ideas 主旨題
Purpose 段落目的題
Structure 結構題‍
Cross-texts 雙篇關係題

從(cong) 以上幾個(ge) 考察的題型看，目前的重複類型大致有以下三種情況

1. 詞的重複

In habitats with limited nutrients, certain fungus species grow on the roots of trees, engaging in mutually beneficial relationships known as ectomycorrhizae: in this symbiotic exchange, the tree provides the fungus with carbon, a nutrient necessary for both species, and the fungus ______ by enhancing the tree’s ability to absorb nitrogen, another key nutrient, from the soil."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

overreacts
reciprocates
retaliates
deviates‍
‍空格問的是fungus 怎麽(me) 樣了，前文有個(ge) 直接的詞的對應叫mutually beneficial relationship，定位到了以後，下一步就是選項裏的單詞是不是認識了：reciprocates 是個(ge) 很直接的對應

2. 單句重複‍‍

Born in 1891 to a Quechua-speaking family in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Martín Chambi is today considered to be one of the most renowned figures of Latin American photography. In a paper for an art history class, a student claims that Chambi’s photographs have considerable ethnographic value—in his work, Chambi was able to capture diverse elements of Peruvian society, representing his subjects with both dignity and authenticity.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the student’s claim?

Chambi took many commissioned portraits of wealthy Peruvians, but he also produced hundreds of images carefully documenting the peoples, sites, and customs of Indigenous communities of the Andes.
Chambi’s photographs demonstrate a high level of technical skill, as seen in his strategic use of illumination to create dramatic light and shadow contrasts.
During his lifetime, Chambi was known and celebrated both within and outside his native Peru, as his work was published in places like Argentina, Spain, and Mexico.
Some of the peoples and places Chambi photographed had long been popular subjects for Peruvian photographers.

一個(ge) 證據題，要求我們(men) 選一個(ge) 答案能夠支持原文的claim，本質上就是找一個(ge) 答案和原文的這個(ge) claim 的句子重複。‍

原文說的是Chambi 這個(ge) 的photographs 記錄了當時的社會(hui) 百態，那對應過來的隻有A‍‍‍‍‍‍

diverse elements of Peruvian society = wealthy Peruvians + the peoples, sites, and customs of Indigenous communities of the Andes

這是一個(ge) 很典型的單句重複題‍‍

這種單句的重複如果是類似上麵議論文形式的會(hui) 比較好做些，如果是詩歌或者小說的，因為(wei) 會(hui) 偏文縐縐，多修飾詞，會(hui) 不適應些，這時候重要的還是要把握答案和原文要求句子間的重複對應‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

“To You” is an 1856 poem by Walt Whitman. In the poem, Whitman suggests that he deeply understands the reader, whom he addresses directly, writing, ______

Which quotation from “To You” most effectively illustrates the claim?

“Your true soul and body appear before me.”
“Whoever you are, now I place my hand upon you, that you be my poem.”
“I should have made my way straight to you long ago.”
“Whoever you are, I fear you are walking the walks of dreams.”

題目要找到一個(ge) 選項對應 ‍‍ he deeply understands the reader 就好，A 的 Your true soul and body appear before me 比較好的重複了understand，因為(wei) 空格前說了address directly，所以這個(ge) 選項的you 就是reader，因此 your... appear before me = undersatand the reader

3. 多句重複‍‍

The following text is adapted from Lewis Carroll’s 1889 satirical novel Sylvie and Bruno. A crowd has gathered outside a room belonging to the Warden, an official who reports to the Lord Chancellor.

One man, who was more excited than the rest, flung his hat high into the air, and shouted (as well as I could make out) “Who roar for the Sub-Warden?” Everybody roared, but whether it was for the Sub-Warden, or not, did not clearly appear: some were shouting “Bread!” and some “Taxes!”, but no one seemed to know what it was they really wanted.

All this I saw from the open window of the Warden’s breakfast-saloon, looking across the shoulder of the Lord Chancellor.

“What can it all mean?” he kept repeating to himself. “I never heard such shouting before—and at this time of the morning, too! And with such unanimity!”"

Based on the text, how does the Lord Chancellor respond to the crowd?

He asks about the meaning of the crowd’s shouting, even though he claims to know what the crowd wants.
He indicates a desire to speak to the crowd, even though the crowd has asked to speak to the Sub-Warden.
He expresses sympathy for the crowd’s demands, even though the crowd’s shouting annoys him.
He describes the crowd as being united, even though the crowd clearly appears otherwise.

問的是 Lord 的反應，文本的最後一段就是Lord 的反應，答案D 的前半句對應的是lord 的話的部分，後半句對應的前麵對於(yu) 群眾(zhong) 的描述

嚴(yan) 格來說，答案算是和原文的兩(liang) 個(ge) 句子重複了。

再看一題

Text 1

Conventional wisdom long held that human social systems evolved in stages, beginning with hunter-gatherers forming small bands of members with roughly equal status. The shift to agriculture about 12,000 years ago sparked population growth that led to the emergence of groups with hierarchical structures: associations of clans first, then chiefdoms, and finally, bureaucratic states.

Text 2

In a 2021 book, anthropologist David Graeber and archaeologist David Wengrow maintain that humans have always been socially flexible, alternately forming systems based on hierarchy and collective ones with decentralized leadership. The authors point to evidence that as far back as 50,000 years ago some hunter-gatherers adjusted their social structures seasonally, at times dispersing in small groups but also assembling into communities that included esteemed individuals.

Based on the texts, how would Graeber and Wengrow (Text 2) most likely respond to the “conventional wisdom” presented in Text 1?

By conceding the importance of hierarchical systems but asserting the greater significance of decentralized collective societies
By disputing the idea that developments in social structures have followed a linear progression through distinct stages
By acknowledging that hierarchical roles likely weren’t a part of social systems before the rise of agriculture
By challenging the assumption that groupings of hunter-gatherers were among the earliest forms of social structure

這種雙篇的題肯定是多句的，因為(wei) 至少兩(liang) 篇內(nei) 容都得涉及到。首先讀完兩(liang) 篇時候就要能建立起兩(liang) 者的關(guan) 係，上麵的兩(liang) 篇顯然是相反的態度，Text 1 覺得人類的社會(hui) 結構發展是線性的：從(cong) 原始社會(hui) 的equal status到後來的有‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍hierarchical structures；Text 2 覺得人類社會(hui) 的結構是是靈活的，在原始社會(hui) 的時候也有 ‍‍‍‍hierarchy，所以兩(liang) 者的關(guan) 係就是text 2 dispute text 1 的態度。‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍