最近，一款名為(wei) ChatGPT的聊天機器人程序火爆全球，再次將人工智能這個(ge) 話題推向了熱搜。今年的各大英語考試的寫(xie) 作中，可能就會(hui) 考到這個(ge) 話題。這篇文章就將探討一下人工智能的利弊(The pros and cons of artificial intelligence)
藍色字體(ti) 標注的為(wei) 一些話題詞匯和表達。劃線部分為(wei) 主要觀點。紅色字體(ti) 為(wei) 人工智能的幾個(ge) 例子。
The benefits of artificial intelligence
1 Artificial intelligence eliminates the need for humans to do many mundane chores and makes life easier. Speech recognition systems allow users to have some simple tasks performed, such as turning off the light, simply by giving verbal instructions. A more recent example is the driverless car, which spares people the drudgery of driving, though frequent monitoring may be necessary.
人工智能的利用避免了人類做很多無聊的事情，使得生活更加便利。語音識別係統使用戶隻需要給出口頭指令，就能完成一些事情，比如關(guan) 燈。一個(ge) 更近的例子就是無人駕駛汽車：無人駕駛汽車使駕駛者擺脫了駕駛這一單調乏味的事，盡管可能還需要時不時監視一下。
2 Advances in artificial intelligence will give a boost to workplace productivity. Intelligent machines, which are immune to sickness, boredom and stress, are more effective and accurate than human workers in handling time-consuming, repetitive work. Companies that employ artificial intelligence may achieve higher profits with lower cost in the long run, prompting the competition to do the same and thus enhancing the productivity of the whole society.
人工智能的發展將會(hui) 促進工作中的生產(chan) 力。智能機器不會(hui) 受生病、無聊和壓力的影響，因此比人類工作者在處理耗時且重複性的工作中更有效、更準確。從(cong) 長期來看，使用人工智能的企業(ye) 可能會(hui) 以更低的成本實現更高的利潤，從(cong) 而促使競爭(zheng) 者也使用人工智能，進而提升了整個(ge) 社會(hui) 的生產(chan) 力。
On the other side of the coin, however, is the prospect of massive redundancies, as already happened in technology giants like Alphabet.
但是另一方麵就是可能會(hui) 發生大規模的裁員，正如在Alphabet這樣的科技巨頭公司中已經在發生的那樣。
The drawbacks of artificial intelligence
1 As we are increasingly reliant on machines, our physical fitness and mental faculties could atrophy. It is commonly acknowledged that more and more people are leading a sedentary life thanks largely to technological progress. What many fail to realise is that this does us great physcial harm, albeit not in the short term. By the same token, heavy dependence on artificial intelligence might erode our ability to think and innovate. For example, ChatGPT, an AI chatbot based on advanced language models that has been sweeping the globe recently, has already been utilised by some students to do homework and write essays.
隨著我們(men) 對機器的依賴程度越來越大，我們(men) 的身體(ti) 健康和思維能力可能會(hui) 退化。眾(zhong) 所周知，由於(yu) 科技的進步，越來越多的人過上的久坐不動的生活。而很多人沒有意識到的是，這種生活方式對我們(men) 的身體(ti) 有很大危害，盡管不是立即會(hui) 有危害。同樣地，過於(yu) 依賴人工智能也許會(hui) 逐漸損害我們(men) 思考和創新的能力。例如，最近席卷全球的基於(yu) 高級語言模型的AI聊天程序ChatGPT已經被一些學生用來做作業(ye) 和寫(xie) 文章了。
2 There are fears that artificial intelligence may take away jobs and render many people unemployed. It may hold true for repetitive and low-skill jobs, such as entry-level editors and customer-service workers. But where human emotions and interactions are required, as in child care, mental-health counselling and teaching, artificial intelligence is a poor substitute for human workers, at least for now. Highly professional occupations, too, stand little chance of being replaced by machines or programmes.
有些人擔憂，人工智能可能會(hui) 奪走工作，造成大規模失業(ye) 。這可能適用於(yu) 重複性的、低技能的工作，比如初級的編輯和客服人員。但是在需要人類情緒和互動的領域，正如育兒(er) 、心理健康谘詢和教學，人工智能並不能很好地替代人類，至少現在還不能。專(zhuan) 業(ye) 性很高的職業(ye) 也幾乎不會(hui) 被機器或程序所取代。
3 Artificial intelligence, with its large database and the potential to penetrate every corner of modern life, may infringe upon personal privacy. From viewing habits to purchasing behaviour to food preferences, people's private information is at the mercy of app developers and website owners in this age of big data. Used for ill, it may lead to property losses and, even worse, compromise personal safety.
人工智能具有龐大的數據庫，並有可能滲入當代生活的方方麵麵，因此可能會(hui) 侵犯個(ge) 人隱私。從(cong) 觀影習(xi) 慣到購買(mai) 行為(wei) 到食物偏好，人們(men) 的私人信息在這個(ge) 大數據時代任由軟件開發商和網站所有者擺布。如果用作不好的目的，這些個(ge) 人信息可能造成財產(chan) 損失，更嚴(yan) 重甚至會(hui) 危害個(ge) 人安全。
拓展：
Many technological products that originally meet with strong scepticism prove to be a boon to humanity. When machines were rolled out on the factory floor in the 18th century, they were blamed by labours for threatening their livelihood; however, by scaling up production capacity, such automation helped spawn more jobs in other areas while killing some. Social media, once dismissed as a huge distractor, have now become an indispensable part of people's everyday lives, with
multiple functions. Artificial intelligence is no exception. A decade from now, it will possibly have become as commonplace as smartphoness and the Internet are today.事實證明，很多最初遭到強烈質疑的科技產(chan) 品都對人類有利。當機器在18世紀被引入生產(chan) 車間時，勞動者責怪這些機器威脅到了他們(men) 的生計；然而，通過擴大生產(chan) 規模，這種自動化在消滅一些工作的同時，在其他領域又創造了新的工作。社交媒體(ti) 曾被認為(wei) 會(hui) 嚴(yan) 重分散人們(men) 的注意力，但是現在卻成了人們(men) 日常生活的一部分，有著多種功能。人工智能也不例外。十年後，人工智能可能已經變得跟現在的智能手機和互聯網一樣家常便飯。
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