辯論賽經濟類辯題備賽錦囊 (上)：主要特點與備賽要點

不管你是剛剛接觸辯論的新人還是已經久經沙場⽆敵⼿的辯⼿，公共論壇式辯論的世界中有⼀個(ge) 你絕對繞不過的主題——經濟，或者更俗稱的“錢”。

從(cong) 2021年國賽的國際貨幣基金組織 IMF到去年春季的專(zhuan) 利權 Patent，秋季的美聯儲(chu) Fed，再到今年秋季的航天領域公共與(yu) 私人投資之爭(zheng) 。可以說，經濟類辯題以其廣博的討論範圍、多元的知識點和豐(feng) 富的策略選擇，成為(wei) 了辯題領域的常客。

在接下來的幹貨文中，我們(men) 將分三篇文章分別討論經濟類辯題的備賽要點、基本知識和常用的weigh策略，希望能夠幫助大家打開備賽思路，更好地準備秋季辯題。下麵就為(wei) 大家帶來第一篇幹貨：

⽆論是政策、法律、道德還是國際關(guan) 係的辯題，論點中多多少少都涉及到經濟的影響，或是由經濟問題引發的後果。經濟就像是這個(ge) 社會(hui) 中⽆處不在的背景⾳樂(le) ，總是默默地影響著每⼀個(ge) 決(jue) 策和⾏動。今天我們(men) 就來深⼊探討⼀下經濟類辯題的特點，以及如何準備這類辯題。

 #1   、Features of Economic resolutions

 經濟類辯題的特點 

1. 多維度視角

Multi-Dimensional Perspective

Economic debates usually involve considerations from multiple dimensions. 

Taking the Fall tournament's topic of "Private sector investment in human space exploration is preferable to public sector investment" as an example, what needs to be considered is not just how much money the private sector and government can invest and the returns, but also technological advancements, national competitiveness, short-term vs long-term benefits, and risk-taking.

經濟辯題通常涉及多個(ge) ⻆度和維度的考量 , 以今年秋季賽“私人對載人航天探索的投資優(you) 於(yu) 公共部門的投資”為(wei) 例，我們(men) 需要考慮的就不僅(jin) 僅(jin) 是私域與(yu) 政府能夠拿出來多少錢投資和回報,也需要考慮技術的進步、國家的競爭(zheng) ⼒、短期與(yu) 長期效益、風險承擔等多個(ge) ⽅⾯。

2. 數據為(wei) 王

Prepare More Data

Economic arguments without data are baseless. 

Especially for the fall resolution, data and facts are indispensable elements in your arguments . Not only do you need ample evidence to support your points in the constructive speeches, but having more data in the rebuttals and cross-examinations will also increase your chances of winning . 

The essence of economics is a game of money; hence, having a robust database to compare and interpret facts and mechanisms against your opponent’s arguments is crucial.

沒有數據的經濟辯題是站不住腳的。在構建論點時，尤其是經濟類辯題，數據和事實是論點中必不可少的⼀部分。不僅(jin) 在申論稿⾥需要⼤量⽀持我⽅論點的證據,在駁論和質詢中掌握更多的數據也會(hui) 為(wei) 你增加勝率。經濟的本質就是⾦錢的遊戲，所以擁有⼀個(ge) 強⼤的數據庫來從(cong) 事實和機理兩(liang) 個(ge) 層⾯與(yu) 對⼿的論點進⾏對⽐和解讀是⾮常重要的。

3. 以結果為(wei) 導向

Results-Oriented

Compared to many other types of debate topics, economic debates focus more on tangible results. 

What matters is the impact a policy has on the economy, rather than theoretical possibilities. So, if you only have a logical but ideal argument, regardless of its theoretical possibility, it's useless without real-world results to back it up. 

與(yu) 許多其他類型的辯題相⽐，經濟辯題更注重實際的、切實的結果。它關(guan) ⼼的是⼀項政策或決(jue) 策對經濟有何影響，⽽不僅(jin) 僅(jin) 是理論上的可能性。所以如果你隻有⼀套理想的邏輯，不管它在理論中如何顯而易見，沒有現實層麵的結果支持也是沒有用的。

 #2   、How to Prepare for it？ 

 如何準備經濟類辯題？

1、Stakeholder Analysis: 

First, you need to identify the positions and interests of each stakeholder. 

In the context of the Fall tournament’s resolution, stakeholders might include government agencies, private companies, research institutions, the public, and even international partners . What impact would decision have on them? From their perspectives, what positive/negative effects could this decision have on their interests?

⾸先，你需要明確每個(ge) 利益相關(guan) 者的⽴場和他們(men) 的利益相關(guan) 點。還是以秋季賽的辯題為(wei) 例，在這個(ge) 辯題⾥的利益相關(guan) 者可能包括政府機構、私營企業(ye) 、科研機構、公眾(zhong) 甚⾄是國際合作夥(huo) 伴。這個(ge) 辯題的⽴場會(hui) 對他們(men) 各有什麽(me) 影響呢？站在他們(men) 的⻆度,這項決(jue) 策會(hui) 對他們(men) 的利益有哪些好的/壞的影響呢？

2、Research: 

Debaters need to find accurate, related, and up-to-date data to support their arguments. 

You can get data from many reliable sources such as official statistics, academic reports, and market reports . However, merely having this data is not enough; you also need to know how to interpret them, like differentiating correlation from causation, and recognizing limitations in the data.

辯⼿們(men) 需要找到準確的、與(yu) 辯題緊密相關(guan) 的，以及最新的數據去⽀持⾃⼰的論點。你可以從(cong) 很多可靠的數據來源進⾏檢索，如官⽅統計、學術研究和市場報告等。但是光有這些數據也是不夠的，你也要學會(hui) 去解讀他們(men) 。如區分相關(guan) 性和因果關(guan) 係，識別數據等局限性等。

3、Analyzing Interests of Each Stakeholder: 

Debaters need to consider the long-term and short-term interests of each stakeholder, as well as their potential reactions under the resolution, not just on the economic level . 

For instance, in the context of the Fall tournament’s topic, the government might be concerned about how space exploration could enhance the country's global competitiveness, whereas private companies might focus more on the return on investment and market potential.

辯⼿們(men) 需要考慮每個(ge) 利益相關(guan) 者的⻓期和短期利益，以及他們(men) 可能對這個(ge) 辯題決(jue) 策下的⾏為(wei) 和反應，不僅(jin) 僅(jin) 是經濟層⾯。同樣以秋季賽的辯題為(wei) 例，政府可能會(hui) 關(guan) ⼼太空探索如何提⾼國家的全球競爭(zheng) ⼒；⽽私營企業(ye) 可能更關(guan) 注投資的回報率和市場潛⼒。那這個(ge) 本質的區別會(hui) 造成什麽(me) 樣的後果呢？