今天請到咱們(men) 機構的H老師給大家詳細介紹一下 CIE economics（9708） AS考試。
01、考試內(nei) 容
AS經濟學共考5個(ge) 單元的內(nei) 容。這5個(ge) 單元分別是：
1. Basic economic ideas and resource allocation｜基本經濟學概念和資源配置
2.The price system and the micro economy｜價(jia) 格體(ti) 係和微觀經濟學
3.Government microeconomic intervention｜政府微觀調控
4.The macro economy｜宏觀經濟學
5.Government macroeconomic intervention｜政府宏觀調控
這5個(ge) 單元大致可以分為(wei) 3個(ge) 部分。第一單元主要介紹經濟學基本概念；第二、三單元介紹微觀經濟學；第四、五單元介紹宏觀經濟學。
02、考試形式
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Component |
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AS level |
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Paper 1 單選題 1 小時 30道選擇題，30分 |
40% |
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Paper 2 材料分析題（data response）+ 小論文（essay） 1小時30分鍾 Section A: one data response question (20 marks) Section B: one structured essay from a choice of three (20 marks) Based on the AS Level syllabus content 40 marks |
30% 30% |
paper 1 具體(ti) 介紹
paper 1 一共包括30道選擇題。 前15道選擇題一般考經濟學基本概念和微觀問題。後15道選擇題一般考宏觀問題。
A: 對基本經濟學原理的理解（來自第一單元）：如opportunity cost (機會(hui) 成本）、positive & normative statements （實證表述和規範表述）、PPC curve （生產(chan) 可能性曲線）等都是考試必考內(nei) 容。
下麵?我們(men) 一起看幾道真題：
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q1) - Basic Economic Ideas and Resource Allocation
知識點：PPC curve
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q2) - Basic Economic Ideas and Resource Allocation
知識點：機會(hui) 成本
附第一單元完整知識點清單
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1 basic economic ideas and resource allocation (AS level) |
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a) Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost 稀缺性，取舍和機會(hui) 成本 |
• the fundamental economic problem• the meaning of scarcity and the inevitability of choices at all levels (individual, firms, governments)
• the basic questions of what will be produced, how and for whom • the meaning of the term, ‘ceteris paribus’ • the margin and decision making at the margin • short run, long run, very long run |
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b) Positive and normative statements 實證表述和規範表述 |
• the distinction between facts and value judgements |
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c) Factors of production 4大生產(chan) 要素 |
• the rewards to the factors of production: land, labour, capital and enterprise
• specialisation and division of labour |
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d) Resource allocation in different economic systems and issues of transition 不同經濟體(ti) 製下的資源配置 |
• decision making in market, planned and mixed economies
• the role of the factor enterprise in a modern economy |
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e) Production possibility curves PPC 生產(chan) 可能性邊界 |
• shape and shifts of the curve • constant and increasing opportunity costs |
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f) Money 貨幣 |
• functions and characteristics in a modern economy
• barter, cash and bank deposits, cheques, near money, liquidity |
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g) Classification of goods and services 物品和服務的分類 |
• free goods, private goods (economic goods) and public goods
• merit goods and demerit goods as the outcome of imperfect information by consumers. |
B: 對price mechanism的理解（來自第二單元）：如demand and supply curve (供求曲線）；PED,YED, XED (需求價(jia) 格、收入和交叉彈性）；PES （供給價(jia) 格彈性）；consumer and producer surplus （消費者/生產(chan) 者剩餘(yu) ）等都是考試重點。
下麵?我們(men) 一起看幾道真題： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q7) -The Price System and the Micro Economy
知識點：供求關(guan) 係
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q12) - The Price System and the Micro Economy
知識點：PED 需求價(jia) 格彈性
附第二單元完整知識點清單
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2 The price system and the micro economy (AS level) |
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a) Demand and supply curves 供求曲線 |
• effective demand • individual and market demand and supply • factors influencing demand and supply |
| b) Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-elasticities of demand
需求價(jia) 格彈性 PED 需求收入彈性 YED 需求交叉彈性 XED |
• the meaning and calculation of elasticity of demand
• the range of elasticities of demand • the factors affecting elasticity of demand • the implications for revenue and business decisions of price, income and cross-elasticities of demand |
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c) Price elasticity of supply 供給價(jia) 格彈性 PES |
• meaning and calculation of elasticity of supply • the range of elasticities of supply • the factors affecting elasticity of supply• implications for speed and ease with which businesses react to changed market conditions |
| d) Interaction of demand and supply e) Market equilibrium and disequilibrium 市場均衡（市場出清）/市場不均衡 | • meaning of equilibrium and disequilibrium• effects of changes in supply and demand on equilibrium price and quantity
• applications of demand and supply analysis • movements along and shifts of the demand and supply curves • joint demand (complements) and alternative demand (substitutes) • joint supply • the workings of the price mechanism; rationing, signalling and the transmission of spanferences |
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f) Consumer and producer surplus 消費者剩餘(yu) /生產(chan) 者剩餘(yu) |
• meaning and significance• how these are affected by changes in equilibrium price and quantity |
C: 對微觀政策的掌握（來自第三單元）：如 maximum & minimum prices(政府限價(jia) ）；tax and subsidy （稅收和補貼）；transfer payment （轉移支付）等都是考試重點。
下麵?我們(men) 一起看一道真題： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q17) -Government Microeconomic Intervention
知識點：稅收種類
附第三單元完整知識點清單
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3 Government microeconomic intervention (aS level) |
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a) Maximum and minimum prices 最高價(jia) 和最低價(jia) |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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b) Taxes (direct and indirect) 稅收（直接/間接） |
• impact and incidence of taxes • specific and ad valorem taxes • average and marginal rates of taxation • proportional, progressive and regressive taxes • the Canons of Taxation |
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c) Subsidies 補貼 |
• impact and incidence of subsidies |
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d) Transfer payments 轉移支付 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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e) Direct provision of goods and services 直接提供物品/服務 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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f) Nationalisation and privatisation 國有化和私有化 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
D: 對宏觀經濟學原理的掌握（來自第四單元）：AD/AS curve (總需求/總供應曲線）；inflation 通貨膨脹；balance of payment （國際收支）；exchange rate（匯率）等都是考試重點。
下麵?我們(men) 一起看幾道真題： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q23) -The Macro Economy
知識點：AD/AS曲線
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q22) -The Macro Economy
知識點：國際收支
附第四單元完整知識點清單
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4 The macro economy (aS level) |
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| a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis
總需求（AD）/總供應（AS) |
• the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C + I + G + (X – M)
• the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS • the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment |
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b) Inflation 通貨膨脹 |
• the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation
• the distinction between money values and real data • the causes of inflation (cost-push and demand- pull inflation) • the consequences of inflation |
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c) Balance of payments 國際收支 |
• the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF/OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item
• meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium • causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts • consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy |
E: 宏觀經濟學政策（來自第四單元）：這個(ge) 單元的重點是要分清國家各種政策——fiscal policy, monetary policy 和 supply side policy的區別。
附三大政策區別區別圖：
paper 2 具體(ti) 介紹
part 2分為(wei) section A （data- response）和section B （essay）兩(liang) 個(ge) 部分。
section A的date- response題會(hui) 提供素材，這部分要求考生們(men) 能用1-5單元中學到的經濟學原理來分析現實生活中的問題。
data- response題可以以微觀為(wei) 主，也可以以宏觀為(wei) 主。但是近幾年來的data題越來越喜歡考宏觀。 (9708-s2020-Paper 2/2)
素材
小問題
每一個(ge) 素材下麵都有5個(ge) 小問題，每個(ge) 問題都有對應分值。考生們(men) 在答題時要關(guan) 注分值，分值多的需要答得更全麵。 section A中常見的丟(diu) 分點有以下幾個(ge) ：
- 題目要求畫圖，考生沒有畫圖。
- 考生畫圖以後橫縱坐標沒有任何標注。
- 題目中出現專有的經濟學術語，這道題的分值又比較高，考生沒有解釋術語或者沒有把計算公式列出來。
- 最後一題需要雙邊討論，列舉優點和缺點，還需要總結。很多考生少了總結這一部分。
section B 是essay。這一部分沒有素材，隻有題幹，考生需要在閱讀完題幹後寫(xie) 出一篇小essay。essy題是三選一的，這一點很友好，因為(wei) 大家可以選擇自己熟悉的話題。
以上就是所有關(guan) 於(yu) AS 經濟學的考試介紹啦，真的超詳細的。
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