春季PF備賽技巧：政策類辯題的4大實用Weighing策略

美式辯論中有⼀個(ge) ⾮常重要的概念—— Weighing（權衡） 即對⽐不同論點，告訴裁判為(wei) 何你的論點⽐對⼿的更重要，從(cong) ⽽贏得寶貴的⼀票！在比賽中，我們(men) 有時候⽆法反駁對⼿的所有論點，但隻要能完美回答以下四個(ge) 問題就能輕鬆做到戰⽆不勝！

今天為(wei) 大家帶來 政策類辯題備賽錦囊②

4大賽場實用Weighing策略 助力大家春季賽更上一層樓！

Weighing Strategies in Policy Debate 政策類辯題備賽錦囊

In PF debate, there's a key concept called -- Weighing. It's all about comparing different argumentsto explain why your points are more important than your opponent's, ultimately winning over thejudge's decision. Even if you can't counter every single argument your opponent makes, masteringthese four questions can help you win effortlessly in the spring season!

#1、Your Opponent’s Impact 對⼿的影響是什麽(me) ？

Understanding the impact of your opponent's arguments is the first step to successful impactweighing. Their impact is usually stated towards the end of their argument. So, when listening toyour opponent's constructive speech, take good notes to make sure you catch every impact theyclaim. If they start spreading (which some debaters do), don't panic. Stay calm, jot down what youcan, and clarify each point during the first crossfire to fully grasp your opponent's case beforerebuttal.

弄清楚對手論點的影響是成功進行權衡的第一步。一般來說，一個(ge) 論點的影響會(hui) 在它的結尾呈現，因此在傾(qing) 聽對手的case時，務必認真做筆記，確保記錄下他們(men) 聲稱的每一個(ge) 影響。即使對方像機關(guan) 槍一樣突突突一連串地輸出(有些辯手會(hui) 這樣做)，也不必擔心，保持冷靜，盡量記下你能記下的東(dong) 西，然後在第一個(ge) 交叉質詢時問清楚對方每個(ge) 論點的影響，確保在反駁之前完全了解對手的論據。

#2、Quantifiable Impact 對⼿的影響是否可量化？

Now that you know all the impacts your opponent is claiming, the next step is to closely examinethem. What areas do their impacts cover? Are they economic, environmental, related to humanrights, social justice, or something else?

Iftheir impact can be quantified (like economically), what data do they use? How significant istheir overall impact?

If their impact can't be quantified (like human rights issues), how do they justify it? What's theessence of their argument extension? Are there truly as many effects. and are they as crucial as theyclaim?

現在你已經知道對手所有主張的影響了。那麽(me) 下一步就是仔細觀察對手的影響一一它們(men) 屬於(yu) 哪個(ge) 方麵？經濟、環境、人權、社會(hui) 正義(yi) 還是其他？

如果可以被量化 (如經濟) ，他們(men) 使用了什麽(me) 數據呢? 他們(men) 的最終影響到底有多大？如果不能被量化 (如人權) ，他們(men) 是如何得出這個(ge) 影響的呢？他們(men) 的最終延伸是什麽(me) 呢？真的有這麽(me) 多影響/這麽(me) 重要嗎？

#3 、The Most Important Impact

你方最重要的影響是什麽(me) ？

Knowing your opponent's argument is important, but understanding your own is equally crucial.Since you've crafted your case and strategy (or at least understand what your coach wants you to focus on), you should know what your strongest impact is. Identify 1-2 key impacts, and let's move on to the next step.

知⼰知彼，⽅能百戰不殆。你已經充分了解對⼿，那麽(me) 下⼀步就是了解⾃⼰！既然是⾃⼰寫(xie) 的論點和⾃⼰製定的策略（如果不是，請確保了解教練希望你在辯論中關(guan) 注的論點），那麽(me) 你應該清楚⾃⼰最強有⼒的影響是什麽(me) 。找出1-2個(ge) ，然後我們(men) 就速速進⼊下⼀步！

#4、How To Outweigh？ 你的影響如何壓倒對手？

This is the final and most critical step--weighing. Think deeply: why is the impact you identified instep 3 more significant than your opponent's?
Ifthe impacts can be quantified -does your data surpass theirs? Is your logical link stronger? Doesthe likelihood ofyour impact happening outweigh theirs?
Ifthe impacts can't be quantified - does this impact really matter? Will people truly feel the impactif it happens? And if it does, will it be as positive/negative as your opponent claims?

這是最後一步，也是最重要的一步——影響權衡。使勁用你的小腦袋想一想: 為(wei) 什麽(me) 我在第三步確認的影響比對手更重要？

如果正在對比的影響可以量化——你們(men) 的數據比對手大嗎？你們(men) 的邏輯聯係比對手強嗎？你們(men) 的影響發生的概率比對手大嗎？

如果正在對比的影響無法量化——這個(ge) 影響真的重要嗎？人們(men) 真的能感受到這個(ge) 影響發生嗎？如果發生了，真的會(hui) 像對方說得那麽(me) 好/壞嗎？

In the context of the spring topic ("Resolved: In the United States, organized political lobbying doesmore harm than good"), two common impacts are climate change (rising sea levels, heatwaves) and drug prices (pharmaceutical companies keeping prices high).

If you want to use climate change to outweigh drug prices, you could argue that climate change'simpact is irreversible. We can't reverse rising sea levels or quickly lower temperatures once theyrise. But drug prices can be regulated through legislation or government subsidies (like bulkbuying), making climate change more crucial.

If you want to use drug prices to outweigh climate change, you could argue that drug prices directlyand immediately impact people. Many Americans struggle daily to afford high drug/treatment costs,affecting numerous individuals every year. Climate change's impact, on the other hand, won't fullymaterialize for another 10-20 years, making drug prices more urgent and deserving of immediateattention.

在春季賽的背景下，兩(liang) 個(ge) 常見的影響是氣候變化 (海平麵上升、熱浪等) 和藥品價(jia) 格 (製藥公司保持高價(jia) )。

如果你想說氣候變化>藥品價(jia) 格，你可以說：氣候變化的影響是不可逆轉的。如果海平麵上升了，我們(men) 無法讓它下降；如果溫度升高了，短期內(nei) 無法降溫。但藥品價(jia) 格可以通過立法來調控或者政府給予補貼來解決(jue) (如政府大批量購買(mai) ) ，因此氣候變化比藥品價(jia) 格更重要。

如果你想說藥品價(jia) 格>氣候變化，你可以說：藥品價(jia) 格對人們(men) 的影響更直接且更為(wei) 迅速。許多美國人每天都在為(wei) 支付不起高昂的藥品/治療費用而掙紮，每年都有許多人受到明顯影響，但氣候變化的影響將在10-20年後才顯現，因此藥品價(jia) 格的影響更加緊迫，應該得到當前的關(guan) 注。

I hope these strategies help you answer these four questions flawlessly in every debate, making iteasy for you to weigh impacts and win every time!