10月19日托福考情 原題多難題也多 ETS還是太全麵了

10月19日托福考試落下帷幕，考情速遞也已經出爐了！

托福考試有不少舊題

難度開始有回升趨勢

同學們(men) 覺得這次考得如何？

閱讀

R1

月球上的地震與(yu) 地球上的地震還是有一些區別的。因為(wei) 地球上其實是有火山噴發的，但是月球上沒有，而且也沒有很明顯的地殼活動。因此月球上的地震每年大概是幾千次。而且月球上的地震往往都是震級比較小的地震。而且月球也沒有海洋和大氣層，這代表著它的整個(ge) 月球的各種活動程度都比較低。因此月球上更加的安靜，探測的更加的準確。

月球上的地震有一種是比較深層的地震，大概在1000公裏左右。他往往都是月球當中的地河在進行地震，現在能夠明確的深層地震，大概有將近100次。而且會(hui) 發現月球上的地震的時候，尤其是深層地震，往往是與(yu) 地球相對距離比較近的時候。這個(ge) 時候地球上正好出現了很明顯的潮汐現象。因此月球上的地震和潮汐的間隔是很相似的，大概都是半個(ge) 月。因此這也表明。月球上的深層的地震，往往是有地球的引力所導致的。而相應的地球上的科學家一直想尋找與(yu) 潮汐相對應的地震，但是多年來一直找不到。

還有一種地震是發生在月球的整個(ge) 表麵。但是他就沒有任何發生的規律，因此也有科學家認為(wei) 其實月球表麵的地震也是有月球的板塊摩擦而引起的。但是如果是這種想法的話，那麽(me) 月球的下麵應該是有地下水的。當然也有可能是在溫度異常的狀況下出現的熱脹冷縮的情況。因為(wei) 在月球的冷熱溫度有可能差距非常大。

當然還有一種可能是因為(wei) 撞擊而造成的。因為(wei) 月球經常會(hui) 遭受一些撞擊，而這些地震探測器可以很輕易的去察覺這些撞擊。而且為(wei) 了特定確定碰撞月球而帶來的震動到底有多大？因此一些探測器在墜毀之前會(hui) 被設定以特定的速度來撞擊月球。通常發現，月球地震的波及範圍大概是1000公裏。而且由於(yu) 撞擊的時間和位置是精確的，所以可以很容易的去測量出撞擊的傳(chuan) 播速度。並且通過對於(yu) 月球地震的精確的測量可以確定，月球普遍都是有嚴(yan) 實所組成的。月球的表麵是很硬的地殼。中間是內(nei) 盒，內(nei) 盒有可能會(hui) 比較軟，但是大概率它不是液體(ti) 。在地球上比較小的地震往往就持續一分鍾左右，但是在月球上的一些地震有可能會(hui) 長達一個(ge) 小時。

R2

人類學家將最早的采集者定義(yi) 為(wei) 了非常富裕的社會(hui) 。因為(wei) 根據對於(yu) 早期的考古數據來看。采集者的工作時間，其實比現在工業(ye) 化的工人工作的時間要更少，而且休息的時間會(hui) 更多。雖然當時人均的財富都比較少，但是他們(men) 生活的並不窘迫。而且人類學家還說貧窮其實本質上是一種社會(hui) 地位，因為(wei) 是文明社會(hui) 出現了之後。因為(wei) 資源和地位的不平等，而才導致了貧窮。

實際上當采集社會(hui) 出現的時候，當時人們(men) 的食物供應是非常穩定的，而且食物的供應非常多樣化。但是當農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 出現之後，其實很多人晚上睡覺的時候都是餓著肚子的。這種對於(yu) 社會(hui) 的認知是非常深刻的。而且在采集社會(hui) 的時候，人們(men) 的食物意味非常的多樣化，所以營養(yang) 非常的均衡，但是當農(nong) 業(ye) 出現之後，因為(wei) 人們(men) 的食物變得單一，因此人們(men) 開始因為(wei) 缺少某些維生素，而會(hui) 出現一些疾病。當人們(men) 主要的糧食是玉米的時候，會(hui) 出現缺乏維生素b而引起的疾病。而一些文化當中會(hui) 用堿來處理玉米。來減少人類有可能出現的缺乏維生素b2帶來的疾病。而過度地依賴大米則會(hui) 出現缺少維生素b1而導致的精神疾病。

但是雖然農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 有可能導致缺少某種維生素，但是我們(men) 必須看到的是農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 產(chan) 生的足夠多的糧食，是人類能夠不停的去擴充自己的人口。因為(wei) 很多考古學家已經比較過不同時期，農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 出現後人類身體(ti) 的骨骼狀況。在其他所有影響因素都相似的情況下，農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 的骨骼往往會(hui) 更加的強壯有力。但是在采集社會(hui) 卻不會(hui) 出現類似的情況。而且因為(wei) 在農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) ，人們(men) 會(hui) 聚集，所以農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 更容易出現傳(chuan) 染病。而且家禽也往往會(hui) 增加人類去染病的機會(hui) 。

而圍著農(nong) 業(ye) 社會(hui) 到工業(ye) 社會(hui) 的轉變，很多的發達國家的糧食結構又發生了巨大的變化。很多的發達國家，食物已經變得非常的便宜，而且非常的充足，並且因為(wei) 儲(chu) 存技術越來越先進，所以糧食的問題不受季節的影響。這個(ge) 時候就可以通過現代化的調節，使得人們(men) 的壽命增長，並且人口數量也出現增長。而且個(ge) 體(ti) 的身材更大，也更健壯。但是在一些原始社會(hui) ，又會(hui) 出現因為(wei) 飲食結構的改變，而使得人們(men) 過於(yu) 肥胖的問題。其實會(hui) 出現一些糖尿病。人類學家認為(wei) 這些原始的人類之所以會(hui) 出現這些疾病，因為(wei) 他們(men) 之前沒有接觸過如此豐(feng) 富的營養(yang) 。

兩(liang) 篇往年閱讀原題，掃描文末老師二維碼獲取完整版

聽力

C 1

戲劇話題。

學生想要選擇一個(ge) 主題，但春假之後太忙了，選了英國和西班牙的戲劇。教授建議結合兩(liang) 者。

L1

藝術話題。

一個(ge) 藝術家的風格暫時改變，彩色變成黑白。這種改變受到了立體(ti) 主題和攝影的影響

L 2

心理學。

教授討論大腦如何處理感官信息，強調感知有時是不同感官信息結合的結果。教授提到一個(ge) 關(guan) 於(yu) 視覺的實驗，誌願者在黑暗中揮動手，報告能否看到手的運動。盡管處於(yu) 完全黑暗中，許多人聲稱能看到手的移動。研究人員使用眼動儀(yi) 確認，這些受試者的眼球運動是平滑的，而不是猜測或想象的顫動。這表明他們(men) 確實在“看到”某些東(dong) 西。教授進一步解釋，研究人員假設一些人的視覺和運動處理神經元相互連接，使大腦能夠利用運動感知生成視覺圖像。

他們(men) 認為(wei) ，經過多次觀察自身肢體(ti) 的運動，大腦可能會(hui) 在沒有視覺輸入的情況下預測出運動的圖像。此外，許多能在黑暗中“看到”手的受試者自我認定為(wei) 聯覺者，他們(men) 在日常生活中自然地體(ti) 驗多重感官印象。研究人員認為(wei) ，聯覺者的神經連接異常強，因此他們(men) 在黑暗中的視覺體(ti) 驗更為(wei) 顯著，結果證明他們(men) 確實更容易在黑暗中看到自己的手移動。這項研究揭示了感官信息之間的神經互聯性。

C 2

生活對話。

學生妹妹要去宿舍住，本來室友計劃出行但取消了，她給學生妹妹找地方住。管理員讓填一張表，承諾不損壞物品。她擔心妹妹不能開心玩。管理員建議遊泳和去天文館，可以用望遠鏡以及有音樂(le) 。

L 3

生物學話題。

講了一種植物會(hui) 不停變換葉子形態，科學家一開始以為(wei) 是不同的植物，形態和顏色都會(hui) 變。

口語

TASK 1獨立口語題

Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities. One is well-known and offers excellent academic programs, but its tuition is expensive; while the other university is less well-known but offers you a scholarship. Which one will you choose?

TASK 2校園題

Reading Passage:

The school has proposed not allowing students to stay in the residence halls during winter break in order to save resources and reduce maintenance costs. The reason for this proposal is that the occupancy rate of the dorms drops significantly during the break, as many students return home or go on vacation.

Listening Passage (Rebuttal):

The male student disagrees with this proposal.

1. Even if the dorm occupancy is low, the school could consolidate all the remaining students into one building.

2. Although students can stay at nearby hotels, the cost of accommodation may be a considerable expense for students. Additionally, taking taxis from the hotel to campus would incur extra transportation costs, which could be a financial burden for students on a tight budget.

TASK 3學術講座題

Distinction Bias

Reading Passage: Project Premortem

A project premortem requires team members to envision a future scenario where a project has failed and explore the possible reasons for its failure. This method differs from a postmortem, which occurs after a project has failed. The goal of a premortem is to identify potential risks ahead of time, allowing preventive measures to be taken, thus increasing the likelihood of project success. It encourages team members to consider possible issues and develop strategies to address them before the project begins. (Unlike a postmortem, which happens after the fact, a project premortem attempts to determine beforehand what could lead to the failure of the project.)

Listening Example:

A chain of Italian restaurants was planning to open a new location near a university campus. Before implementing this plan, they used the project premortem strategy. They considered possible reasons why the new restaurant might fail, such as students potentially not wanting to wait for table service. Based on this insight, the owners decided to offer fast-food options at this location, like takeout pasta and pizza, so students could get their food quickly. This strategy proved highly successful, as the restaurant met students’ demand for quick service and gained strong support and popularity from the student community.

TASK 4 學術講座題

The benefits of swamp areas for crop cultivation:

1. Ensures a stable water supply

2. Provides essential nutrients for crops

寫(xie) 作

綜合寫(xie) 作

閱讀部分：

The British Library owns a fourteenth-century handwritten book containing four poems considered to be among the finest of the English Middle Ages. The unknown author is referred to as the Pearl Poet after the title of one of the poems in the manuscript. Several theories have been put forward about the Pearl Poet’s identity.

John Massey

One theory suggests that the Pearl Poet was John Massey. John was known to have lived in northwest England, where the poems of the Pearl manuscript were produced. Moreover, the surviving manuscript of John’s poem, “Saint Erkenwald,” is in the same handwriting as the British Library’s manuscript of the poems of the Pearl Poet. These facts make a good argument that the Pearl Poet was John Massey.

Hugh

According to a second theory, the fourteenth-century poet known as little Hugh authored the poems. Historical records indicate that Hugh wrote a poem called “The Adventure of Gawain,” which some have hypothesized is the same as one of the four Pearl Poet poems, “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” The poems of the Pearl Poet make extensive use of alliteration – pairs of adjacent words that begin with the same consonant sound (for example, large lake) – and it is known that Hugh wrote alliterative verse. The shared subject matter and use of alliteration support the identity of Hugh as the Pearl Poet.

No single author

A third theory argues that the four poems in the manuscript were in fact written by several authors rather than a single one. The only thing all the poems have in common is that they mention places in the same region of England. So perhaps the manuscript represents a collection of poems by several authors from the same region.

聽力部分：

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

While the suggestions for the Pearl Poet's identity may sound plausible, once we consider all the facts, they are not convincing.

First, John Massey. It's true the manuscript of John Massey's poem, St. Irkenwald, and the manuscript of the Pearl Poet are in the same handwriting. But this does not mean that their author was the same person. In the 14th century, books were reproduced by copying. And so, most handwritten books from that period are, in fact, not the original documents written by their authors, but copies made by professional copyists. So all that the handwriting similarity means is that John's poem and the Pearl Poet poems were copied by the same person.

Second, it's true that Hugh and the Pearl poet both used alliteration and wrote a poem about a character called Gawain. But, despite this connection, they were probably not the same person, since their poems were written in different dialects of English. At the time, people from different regions of England used quite different varieties, or dialects, of English. All of Hugh's surviving poems are in the regional dialect spoken in Yorkshire. But the pearl poet wrote in a very different dialect of English from a different region of England, so Hugh was probably not the writer of the pearl poet poems.

Finally, there probably was a single pearl poet. The similarity among the poems goes beyond mentioning the same places. The poems of the Pearl Manuscript also share the same vocabulary. There are some very uncommon words that appear in two or more of the poems. Some of these words appear in no other works of literature. It's very unlikely that several different writers would have used the same unique words. The shared vocabulary is a strong indication that all four poems were written by a single author.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.

學術討論

Doctor Achebe: In this unit, we will be learning about effective strategies for increasing student motivation. Let's begin by discussing one common concern shared by many high school teachers: some of their students typically aged 14 to 18, seem to be bored or uninterested in learning. In your view, what strategy should teachers use to increase high school students' interest in learning? Please explain why you think this one particular strategy will be effective.

Claire: I believe teachers should incorporate more group work activities into their lessons. While completing tasks in groups or teams, students will have an opportunity to share their opinions and learn from their peers. Having a sense of belonging is important to teenagers, so being part of a team will likely make them more interested in learning.

Kelly: In my opinion, teachers should explain how the lessons they teach in the classroom have a connection to events in the world outside high school. Students will likely become more interested in learning once they understand that the lessons can help them be better prepared for future university studies and work.