10月16日托福考情 AI的風終究是吹到了托福上

10月16日托福考試落下帷幕考情速遞也已經出爐了！

寫(xie) 作題跟上新趨勢

探討AI寫(xie) 作

閱讀

R1

1. 在19世紀末，美國影壇全是無聲的默片。但是到了年底，電影製作公司紛紛轉型製作有聲電影。麵對激烈的市場競爭(zheng) ，電影公司決(jue) 定停止所有影片的開發，並對員工及設備進行必要的培訓和升級，以迎合有聲電影的新趨勢。隨著需要同步錄製聲音，電影製作流程經曆了徹底變革，特別是聲音與(yu) 畫麵的同步問題要求了更多的管理與(yu) 溝通工作。因此，製片人開始擁有更大的決(jue) 策權。演員薪酬不一，以及各製作公司對演員參與(yu) 訓練的不同要求，導致了製片方與(yu) 演員之間的摩擦，促進了演員工會(hui) 的成立。工會(hui) 的建立旨在協助行業(ye) 內(nei) 人士爭(zheng) 取更公平的權益，同時促進了其他行業(ye) 工會(hui) 的形成。

一些製片人質疑原編劇的對白撰寫(xie) 能力，而部分演員在對白表達上的不足，影響了表演質量。這對整個(ge) 電影產(chan) 業(ye) 造成了巨大衝(chong) 擊。過去，美國電影產(chan) 業(ye) 集中於(yu) 洛杉磯的好萊塢，但由於(yu) 演員對白能力的不足，許多製片方開始向紐約的舞台劇演員尋求合作，後者因對白表達能力較強和電影行業(ye) 的高薪吸引而加入電影業(ye) 。隨之，舞台劇編劇受邀加入，他們(men) 在轉行後也享受了薪資的大幅提升。

原先的默片演員紛紛報名參加台詞培訓班，最初的訓練集中在學習(xi) 較為(wei) 高雅的牛津和劍橋口音。然而，這種矛盾和喜劇感的產(chan) 生，及早期電影人試圖通過在對白間暫停來幫助觀眾(zhong) 跟進，使得電影對話節奏變得緩慢而笨拙。

隨之電影製作成本大幅上升。雖然有聲電影減少了對大量配樂(le) 的需求，但配樂(le) 工作者找到了新的角色——創作電影主題曲。導致了每個(ge) 場景隻能拍攝有限的幾個(ge) 鏡頭，推高成本。而且，為(wei) 了製造喜劇效果的編劇需求上升。與(yu) 此同時，那些參加聲音訓練的演員因未獲得應有的報酬而與(yu) 製片方產(chan) 生了衝(chong) 突。

R2

全球正麵臨(lin) 土壤退化和侵蝕的挑戰，這對植物的生長和農(nong) 業(ye) 產(chan) 出產(chan) 生了負麵影響。在沒有土壤的情況下，隻有極少數原始植物如地衣和苔蘚能在岩石表麵生存。而大部分陸生植物依賴土壤獲得支持、水分和必須的礦物營養(yang) 。土壤是由岩石風化形成的細小礦物顆粒和之前植被的有機殘留物積累形成的。土壤的性質受到其所處氣候區域和岩石類型下自然植被的影響，這取決(jue) 於(yu) 積累和退化過程的平衡。

土壤的形成和持續存在取決(jue) 於(yu) 地區自然環境的平衡。土壤可能因水或風侵蝕而流失，有時可能在別處重新形成沉積物。在有機質含量豐(feng) 富、充分被植被覆蓋、根係發達且地勢平坦的條件下，土壤得到最佳保護。但是，當土地開墾用於(yu) 農(nong) 業(ye) 時，其自然係統很難保持穩定。例如，20世紀30年代在美國大平原地區發生的"塵碗"災難就是由土地不當管理和幹旱引起的。

為(wei) 了提高產(chan) 量，幾乎所有的農(nong) 田都會(hui) 施加化肥來補充土壤自然含有的氮、磷、鉀元素。盡管化肥價(jia) 格低廉、使用簡單且成分標準化，便於(yu) 精確施用，但過度依賴化肥可能會(hui) 導致忽略了土壤有機質的重要性，從(cong) 而減少了其含量。

防止或減緩由農(nong) 業(ye) 活動引起的土壤退化有多種方法，包括加入農(nong) 家肥、植物殘留物、動物廢棄物、實施輪作製度或將耕地還原為(wei) 草地。這些方法在技術先進的溫帶地區尤其有助於(yu) 保持土壤健康。

然而，在熱帶地區，土壤退化問題尤其嚴(yan) 重且難以防治，特別是在多雨和地勢陡峭的地區，由於(yu) 土壤中有機物分解速度加快。采用沿等高線耕作是減少土壤侵蝕的一種經濟有效方法。在印度，通過沿等高線挖掘溝渠和種植深根係草本植物，可以顯著減少土壤侵蝕並為(wei) 作物提供更多水分。在布基納法索，建造等高線石堤同樣有效提升了作物產(chan) 出。

在幹旱和半幹旱區域，農(nong) 業(ye) 土地極易遭受退化。過度放牧和耕作導致土壤暴露於(yu) 風蝕和偶發的強降雨之下。在荒漠化過程中，本能支持自給和遊牧農(nong) 業(ye) 的幹旱及半幹旱土地逐漸演變為(wei) 沙漠。灌溉可以臨(lin) 時緩解這一過程，但可能引起地下水位下降和土壤表層鹽分積累，引發鹽堿化問題。鹽堿化一旦開始，可能迅速擴散，形成不育的白色鹽堿沙漠，如巴基斯坦灌溉區所示。

聽力

C 1

C1是學生要選課，但是她選不了。老師說她選課的寬度不夠，通常都是頭兩(liang) 年選很廣泛的，後麵再選本專(zhuan) 業(ye) 的，她已經在心理學選了太多課了。有一門課選不了是因為(wei) 高階，生物入門沒選這個(ge) 就選不了

L1

L1 是關(guan) 於(yu) 希臘神廟的修複，有個(ge) 人為(wei) 了好看用了很多不恰當的材料，對神廟造成了毀壞，後人現在在重新修複，盡量使用古人的材料

L 2

L2 是關(guan) 於(yu) 太陽能材料的，傳(chuan) 統的矽晶比較好，但是貴，現在大家用新材料，便宜，但是吸熱又差，然後改進

C 2

C1 theater writing。表現主義(yi) 戲劇的背景

L 3

L1生物。coloration adaptation作為(wei) 一種secondary adaptation是如何發揮作用的，L2 天文。Mars和Jupitor之間的行星帶及其最大的成員VestaC2 在學校運動館存東(dong) 西但是被清了。學生注冊(ce) 的儲(chu) 物櫃到期之後東(dong) 西被清理了，但是學生在忙學業(ye) 所以未能關(guan) 注到這個(ge) 消息。好在東(dong) 西沒有丟(diu) 失，而是被妥善放在儲(chu) 藏室，學生需要填寫(xie) 表格並支付10美元即可取回物品。L3人類學。介紹了四種人類社會(hui) 的分類：hunting and gathering （狩獵采集）hortiagriculture（園藝）， intensive agriculture（集約農(nong) 業(ye) ）和畜牧

L 4

C1 宿舍相關(guan) L1 Marketing。提到了“藝術注入”概念，以及比較了梵高的畫與(yu) 一張攝影作品。L2 建築學。建築在不同時期有不同的看法。主要講“模塊化建築”（類似於(yu) 預製菜）的利弊，還提及了歐洲的cube restaurant，可移動和快速拆卸組裝，非常便利。C2 學生想提前presentation，並討論了內(nei) 容，主要是giant rabbitL3 講船。gas bubble可以減少阻力。

口語

TASK 1獨立口語題

Some students like to review their notes regularly on a daily basis, while others like to review their notes just before the test. Which do you prefer?

TASK 2校園題

A student proposed to the school to set up a third-year project. The student believes that such a project can help them establish their career earlier and save money.

The man in the listening part disagrees.

Firstly, many excellent professors only teach in spring or autumn semesters and do not offer courses in summer.

Secondly, students still need to complete the same number of courses to graduate. Therefore, the tuition fee will not change. On the contrary, it may not save expenses because they need to pay the additional cost of the summer project.

TASK 3學術講座題

User Generated Content (UGC) refers to various contents created and uploaded by users spontaneously on the Internet, such as texts, pictures, videos, etc.

Listening:Asports shoe company innovates marketing strategies. The company encourages customers to make their own videos to show the excellent characteristics of the company's shoe models and use them for publicity. Subsequently, these videos made by users are selected by the company as materials for TV advertisements. Among all the submitted videos, the company especially selected a video shot by a seemingly ordinary girl as the main advertisement because this video is very realistic. This strategy has been proven extremely successful. The sincerity and affinity of the video have attracted many customers, thus achieving a significant increase in the sales of the company's sports shoes.

TASK 4 學術講座題

Lecture topic: Two benefits of marine animals stopping reproduction early.

1.Reduce competition pressure.

2. Experienced female marine animals who do not participate in reproduction can assist in teaching the younger generation. Example: Killer whales, also known as orcas, show a special social behavior. In these groups of mammals, some females will stop giving birth after reaching a certain age stage. This behavior reduces their competition pressure for food and resources. And these experienced female killer whales will then pass on their knowledge to the younger generation and teach them how to hunt and survive, which enhances the adaptability and survival rate of the entire population.

寫(xie) 作

綜合寫(xie) 作

閱讀部分：

The British Library owns a fourteenth-century handwritten book containing four poems considered to be among the finest of the English Middle Ages. The unknown author is referred to as the Pearl Poet after the title of one of the poems in the manuscript. Several theories have been put forward about the Pearl Poet’s identity.

John Massey

One theory suggests that the Pearl Poet was John Massey. John was known to have lived in northwest England, where the poems of the Pearl manuscript were produced. Moreover, the surviving manuscript of John’s poem, “Saint Erkenwald,” is in the same handwriting as the British Library’s manuscript of the poems of the Pearl Poet. These facts make a good argument that the Pearl Poet was John Massey.

Hugh

According to a second theory, the fourteenth-century poet known as little Hugh authored the poems. Historical records indicate that Hugh wrote a poem called “The Adventure of Gawain,” which some have hypothesized is the same as one of the four Pearl Poet poems, “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” The poems of the Pearl Poet make extensive use of alliteration – pairs of adjacent words that begin with the same consonant sound (for example, large lake) – and it is known that Hugh wrote alliterative verse. The shared subject matter and use of alliteration support the identity of Hugh as the Pearl Poet.

No single author

A third theory argues that the four poems in the manuscript were in fact written by several authors rather than a single one. The only thing all the poems have in common is that they mention places in the same region of England. So perhaps the manuscript represents a collection of poems by several authors from the same region.

聽力部分：

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

While the suggestions for the Pearl Poet's identity may sound plausible, once we consider all the facts, they are not convincing.

First, John Massey. It's true the manuscript of John Massey's poem, St. Irkenwald, and the manuscript of the Pearl Poet are in the same handwriting. But this does not mean that their author was the same person. In the 14th century, books were reproduced by copying. And so, most handwritten books from that period are, in fact, not the original documents written by their authors, but copies made by professional copyists. So all that the handwriting similarity means is that John's poem and the Pearl Poet poems were copied by the same person.

Second, it's true that Hugh and the Pearl poet both used alliteration and wrote a poem about a character called Gawain. But, despite this connection, they were probably not the same person, since their poems were written in different dialects of English. At the time, people from different regions of England used quite different varieties, or dialects, of English. All of Hugh's surviving poems are in the regional dialect spoken in Yorkshire. But the pearl poet wrote in a very different dialect of English from a different region of England, so Hugh was probably not the writer of the pearl poet poems.

Finally, there probably was a single pearl poet. The similarity among the poems goes beyond mentioning the same places. The poems of the Pearl Manuscript also share the same vocabulary. There are some very uncommon words that appear in two or more of the poems. Some of these words appear in no other works of literature. It's very unlikely that several different writers would have used the same unique words. The shared vocabulary is a strong indication that all four poems were written by a single author.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.

學術討論

Doctor Achebe: In this unit, we will be learning about effective strategies for increasing student motivation. Let's begin by discussing one common concern shared by many high school teachers: some of their students typically aged 14 to 18, seem to be bored or uninterested in learning. In your view, what strategy should teachers use to increase high school students' interest in learning? Please explain why you think this one particular strategy will be effective.

Claire: I believe teachers should incorporate more group work activities into their lessons. While completing tasks in groups or teams, students will have an opportunity to share their opinions and learn from their peers. Having a sense of belonging is important to teenagers, so being part of a team will likely make them more interested in learning.

Kelly: In my opinion, teachers should explain how the lessons they teach in the classroom have a connection to events in the world outside high school. Students will likely become more interested in learning once they understand that the lessons can help them be better prepared for future university studies and work.