11月2日托福考情 閱讀寫作均命中原題！

11月2日托福考試落下帷幕，考情速遞也已經出爐了！

閱讀寫(xie) 作精準命中🎯原題！

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本場考試原題重現

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R1

石器雕刻和壁畫

考古學家大概在公元前幾萬(wan) 年前的地層當中，發現了大量用骨頭或者石頭鎖雕刻的雕像。除了在這些骨頭上以及在一些壁畫上，其實出現了大量的動物被捕捉和追逐的畫麵。科學家們(men) 很好奇他們(men) 創作這些畫像的意義(yi) ？一些考古人員認為(wei) 這些藝術品是用於(yu) 當時人類之間互相交流的，有一些作為(wei) 文字的作用。但是因為(wei) 時間太過久遠，所以它實際的意義(yi) 已經慢慢的被人遺忘了。曾經有考古學家挖出來了一幅像旗幟一樣的話，它是由上千枚骨頭所組成的。有些考古學家認為(wei) 這些壁畫其實是一些領土的標記。因為(wei) 在公元前幾萬(wan) 年前的時候人們(men) 湧入了該地區，這就給當地的生活帶來了很大的壓力，因此人們(men) 開始用一些符號來標記自己對一些物品的所有權。而在當地的洞穴內(nei) ，畫畫就是一個(ge) 非常好的去宣誓主權的方式。

而現在又有一些考古學家認為(wei) 這些雕塑和壁畫其實是有經濟上的作用。因為(wei) 當時洞穴上的壁畫對於(yu) 動物的數量和分類都進行了統計。而經過分析，他們(men) 發現在歐洲的一些國家的動物殘骸之中，這其實有一定的相關(guan) 性。一些比較小的沒有攻擊性的動物，這對於(yu) 那些畫家其實是一些食物，往往越是壁畫當中描繪的動物，這對於(yu) 他們(men) 經濟的重要性來說就越高。而且當他們(men) 研究壁畫的時候，會(hui) 發現對於(yu) 食物供給越多的動物，往往也會(hui) 更多的出現在他們(men) 的壁畫當中。但是這些理論也會(hui) 受到一些挑戰，因為(wei) 當時的人還無法捕捉一些特別特別具有攻擊性的動物，比如說熊或者狼或者是獅子，但是在壁畫當中其實也出現了這些動物。

當時的考古學家研究了各種各樣文化的橫向比較。他們(men) 在世界各地的藝術品當中發現了一些相同的形狀。當時的一些巫師為(wei) 了與(yu) 神靈來交換靈魂，因此他們(men) 會(hui) 通過跳舞進食，以及在黑暗當中與(yu) 世隔絕的方式來達到致幻的作用。而當世界各地的薩滿當置換了之後，基本上描述的都是一些石器時代的簡單的形狀。而這些形狀往往就會(hui) 成為(wei) 宗教儀(yi) 式當中非常重要的一部分。

R2

insectwings

其實這麽(me) 多年來，生物學家和考古學家，一直都在研究有翅膀的昆蟲，到底是怎麽(me) 進化出來的。因為(wei) 就考古學的證據來看，這些有翅膀的昆蟲是突然出現的，沒有一個(ge) 進化的過程。昆蟲和會(hui) 飛的哺乳動物有一個(ge) 很明顯的差別，那就是其實會(hui) 飛的哺乳動物的翅膀往往是由腿進化出來的。因為(wei) 有些生物學家認為(wei) 昆蟲後背上的一些肌肉可以使得這些昆蟲能夠很穩定的以及長距離的。哪怕不借助翅膀，也可以在空氣當中進行滑行。因此這些昆蟲借助這樣一個(ge) 結構，就可以在空中有效的來進行移動，甚至可以去躲避他自己的天敵。不僅(jin) 可以躲避天敵這些身體(ti) 上的結構，還可以幫助昆蟲很好的去調節自己的體(ti) 溫。就飛行的角度來說。這些昆蟲後背上的結構可以讓他們(men) 的肌肉進行互相相連，並且可以上下的來進行拍動。因此很有可能原來在這些昆蟲的身體(ti) 上就有類似的結構出現，然後最終慢慢的發展出來了飛行的功能。

還有一個(ge) 理論也是支持這些翅膀，其實是由腿部的一些結構發展出來的。這個(ge) 理論與(yu) 昆蟲整個(ge) 身體(ti) 的結構是有一定的關(guan) 聯性的。也就是科學家們(men) 發現昆蟲身上的一些飛行器官其實不是胸部的結構，而是更類似於(yu) 腿部的結構。而且在昆蟲翅膀上的一些肌肉的特征，也就是能夠應對拉力和壓力的一些肌肉，其實更多的是在身體(ti) 的四肢上的肌肉特征，而不是身體(ti) 軀幹上的結構。

還有一種理論認為(wei) 昆蟲的翅膀可能來自於(yu) 某些水中昆蟲的鰓狀結構。也就是一些昆蟲，雖然已經從(cong) 水裏爬到陸地上了，但是因為(wei) 一些原因仍然保留了鰓的這個(ge) 器官，而這個(ge) 器官本身還可以去調節這些昆蟲的體(ti) 溫。因此，一些古代的昆蟲仍然在空氣當中可以用鰓來進行呼吸。因為(wei) 腮可以起到一些拍打的作用，因此有些昆蟲就可以感受風，甚至輕輕拍打，進而推動自己去劃過一些水麵。也許最早的飛行就是通過拍打塞來進行的。而且這些昆蟲的移動也可以方便這些昆蟲在水麵進行滑行。然後這些鰓的力度慢慢增強，就能夠讓他們(men) 真正的來進行飛行了。而飛行能力的出現使得昆蟲的移動能力大大增強，當然對於(yu) 昆蟲的躲避機製來說，其中最重要的一定是它的預警機製，通過預警機製可以通過感受空氣的振動來觸發他們(men) 的預警能力，並且讓他們(men) 能夠快速的逃跑。

聽力

C 1

學生來找教授問能不能換時間考試，因為(wei) 自己有一個(ge) 在turkey的study broad program和考試時間重合，教授說了去年才改政策隻能在教室裏考

L1

這段地質講座主要介紹了地殼構造和地幔的關(guan) 係，闡述了板塊構造的基本概念。地殼與(yu) 上層地幔共同構成岩石圈，岩石圈由若幹巨大的構造板塊組成，這些板塊緩慢漂移

L 2

講的是土豆為(wei) 什麽(me) 在在歐洲的由來：講了一開始土豆在歐洲不受待見，後來因為(wei) American revolution 政府要求多種土豆，土豆才開始在歐洲盛行

C 2

學生來抱怨說在圖書(shu) 館沒有bus的停車位，自己住的地方離得很遠。本來另一個(ge) 朋友也在圖書(shu) 館學習(xi) 可以開車帶她一起，但是那個(ge) 人去圖書(shu) 館時間和自己不一樣。學生說自己在家已經有一輛。再買(mai) 一輛太貴了。然後教授說現在有一個(ge) share bicycle program，學生說自己可能一次用一天太貴了，教授說她騎到圖書(shu) 館可以先鎖起來不計費所以不貴。並且現在還沒有很多人知道這個(ge) 項目。

L 3

物理學 將牛頓發現了重力的存在。學生問為(wei) 什麽(me) 用law來描述這個(ge) 定律。愛因斯坦發現了重力的起源，然後用衛星地圖舉(ju) 例子。後麵學生說了一個(ge) 事。教授反駁這隻是一個(ge) guess，不是科學理論。教授補充說hypothesis不是guese，hypothesis是在限製條件下的科學定理。學生拿自己最近做的一個(ge) 化學實驗采用了控製變量，來驗證自己對hypothesis的理解是否正確

L 4

藝術講的是電影的前身，一開始是法國劇團會(hui) 在全世界巡回表演。再進一步是美國在固定的地方進行劇場表演。每場觀眾(zhong) 都爆滿，因為(wei) 吸收了各種各樣文化背景的人

口語

TASK 1獨立口語題

重複23年11月12日

If you were to take a history class, would you prefer a professor with extensive experience but minimal class discussions, or a new professor whorarely lecturesbut encourages active class participation?

TASK 2校園題

The university announces a policy that allow students’ meal to be picked up from any dining halls, and the students need to send an email to confirm this, and IDneeds to be presented in order for the meal to be picked up.This can allow sick students to recover quickly in their dorm room. The speaker agrees with this decision in general, because he got a sprained ankle and he had to order pizzas and spent twice the money as the normal. But besides that, the only option would be candies and chips in a dorm room vending machine but that's very unhealthy.So this plan is actually really helpful.

However, he disagreed with all the logistics. It's too much hassle to find somebody who has the time and can get the credentials at pickup. What should happen is that whoever's picking up the meal should only use the name of the students, and they can check the name from the student database and successfully pick up the meal.

TASK 3學術講座題

Balance theory explains how people gather new information regarding somebody that contradicts with the old information, and they reshape their understanding to fit the existing opinion of the person. For example, the professor met the department newly hired professor and the first impression the professor got is that this new professor is an organized person, because the office is always clean, everything is stacked up, no random papers or books anywhere. However, once he was invited to this new professor's apartment and he saw that there are dishes everywhere, magazines and books laying around, it is a cluttered mess. So he was shocked and began to doubt whether this professor is an organized or not. But then he remembered that the new professor mentioned some friends was staying with him. He thought maybe it is because that he had entertained some guests and didn't have time to clean up.

TASK 4 學術講座題

重複24.9.7

Aeroponic farming is a way to grow plants without soil. Instead, plants can be grown on stacks and in the air with the help of nutrient spray. There are two benefits. Firstly, it enables crop production where the condition of soil is poor or the soil contains toxic substances. Aeroponicfarming can help prevent these substances from being absorbed into plants and ensure the quality of food.

For example, in many large cities, due to manufacturing activities, the soil contains toxic substances like lead. If people eat plants grown on such polluted soil, they risk their health. So aeroponic farming could be useful solution that enables urban cultivation.

Secondly, aeroponic farming help plants deal with seasonal changes of weather. For example, tomato favors warm environment. In places where the winter is cold, farmers can rely on this method to increase the yield and profit of tomatoes.

寫(xie) 作

綜合寫(xie) 作

重複2024.4.27 2021.11.13

The reading believes that the stripes discovered on some slopes of Mars are not related to liquid water. However, the listening portion disagrees, asserting that...

To begin with, the reading posits that these stripes on Mars are caused by sliding rocks and dust rather than water. The Martian atmosphere is not strong, so objects can fall directly onto the surface, creating repetitive slope patterns. The listening part, however, disagrees and argues that these stripes are indeed caused by water. Objects from space cannot consistently land in the same areas every year. Therefore, the appearance of these stripes in the same locations is unusual. The fact that they reappear annually suggests they are likely caused by flowing water.

Additionally, the article suggests that Mars is too cold for liquid water to form. Even at temperatures below freezing, however, salty water can still flow, indicating that the stripes on the Martian surface may be due to liquid water containing salt. Thus, the reading is strongly challenged by the professor.

Finally, regarding the lack of evidence from specialized instruments: the data collected by human satellites on Mars does not include any indication of water. On the contrary, the professor is skeptical of the article and claims that although no water has been detected by the spacecraft, it is very likely that this salty water has already evaporated, making it undetectable by the instruments. Additionally, any residual liquid water on the planet’s surface may have mixed with the soil, making it impossible to detect.

學術討論

Doctor Achebe

In our upcoming lesson, we will explore the evolution of public health and its impact on the well-being of individuals. Considering the significant progress we've made in healthcare and nutrition, as well as the ongoing challenges such as sedentary lifestyles and stress, I'd like you to reflect on the following question: Do you believe that people are generally healthier now than they were in the past? Why or why not?

Paul

I believe that people are generally healthier today than they were in the past, and the advancements in medical care play a significant role in longer life expectancy. With the development of new drugs and treatments, we're able to combat illnesses that were once fatal, such as various forms of cancer and heart diseases.

Claire

While it's true that we've made incredible strides in healthcare and nutrition, the lifestyle-related health issues we face today were less common in the past, it's not just about medical advancements; it's about how we live our lives day to day. The quality of life is being compromised by our poor eating and exercise habits.