雅思大作文7分範文及解析：人口湧向城市對環境的利弊

利弊類大作文，環境類話題

More and more people move from the countryside to big cities. Does this development bring more advantages or disadvantages to the environment?

題目來源：2022年7月23日大陸雅思大作文

1、題目大意

越來越多的人從(cong) 農(nong) 村搬到大城市，這種發展對環境的利弊？

2、思路解析

這是一道利弊類大作文，討論的是人口遷移對環境的利弊。利弊類文章需要強調在論證上體(ti) 現合理性，即在具體(ti) 的分析中，明確能體(ti) 現出一邊的論述的確是大於(yu) 另一邊，或是利弊均等，而利弊是否有說服力並不取決(jue) 於(yu) 觀點的數量，而是內(nei) 容是否有說服力。題目看上去很簡單，但審題時需要注意兩(liang) 點，一是題目給出了限定討論範圍“environment”，因此利弊都要圍繞著這點展開，談到別的便是跑題了。二是題目提及了“countryside”和“big cities”，因此環境的影響可以考慮到兩(liang) 者各自的特征來展開。下麵月半鴨和大家來看下具體(ti) 觀點。

首先來看好處。

一是農(nong) 村人口減少後，對於(yu) 當地環境的汙染等等人為(wei) 影響會(hui) 減少，自然生態能得到更好的修複和發展。

二是城市人口增多後帶來的經濟收益更大，政府有更多的稅收能夠用於(yu) 環境保護，比如研發新能源替代汙染燃料，或是更強的垃圾處理係統或者廢氣廢水的淨化係統，進而減少汙染保護環境。

然後來看壞處。

一是城市人口增加，會(hui) 產(chan) 生更多的住房需求，因此政府不得不將更多土地用於(yu) 建設新的房屋，減少了公園、綠植等占有率，這對於(yu) 城市的自然環境是不利的。

二是城市人口的增加會(hui) 產(chan) 生更多的交通需求，私家車增多會(hui) 伴隨著更多廢氣和噪音，進而加重了空氣汙染和噪音汙染。

三是大量的城市居民還會(hui) 產(chan) 生大量的生活垃圾，這些垃圾如果處理不當，則會(hui) 汙染當地的水和土地。即使投入新的垃圾處理係統，但如果垃圾數量過多超出了處理的極限，同樣會(hui) 產(chan) 生上述問題。

3、提綱

4、高分範文示例

The past few decades have witnessed a rising tide of people migrating from countries to big cities. While urban expansion may have some positive effects, I believe that the harm to the environment is much more serious.

The main disadvantage of this trend is the increased possibility of environmental pollution. On the one hand, a growing number of residents living in the cities will definitely produce more household waste than before, adding to the burden of refuse disposal. As a result, garbage processing will aggravate air pollution and land degradation since it necessitates burning and dumping. On the other hand, new city arrivals who need to commute every day contribute to even greater usage of private vehicles, whose gas emissions would intensify air pollution and worsen the ecological condition. Additionally, in order to accommodate more citizens, limited natural green spaces tend to be occupied for the construction of houses and office buildings, which might cause unintentional damage to the urban ecosystem.

Some people may argue that the influx of new migrants would boost the local economy, so that the authorities would have more revenues accumulated for environmental preservation measures such as developing alternative energy or optimizing ways of waste disposal. However, there is no fundamental solution to a problem caused by a dense population, let alone an approach to dealing with the environmental damage that is by nature irreversible. Even if a brand-new waste disposal system is implemented, problems will still occur when the amount of waste far exceeds the system’s capacity to handle it.

In conclusion, I believe that when a large group of people move from countrysides to cities, it is more likely to cause environmental problems that are irreparable.

5、相關(guan) 詞匯和語法結構

migrate 移居

refuse disposal 垃圾處理

dumping 傾(qing) 倒（垃圾）

aggravate 加劇

air contamination 空氣汙染

gas emission 尾氣排放