10.21大陸雅思大作文8分範文及解析：科學研究由政府主導

觀點類大作文，科技類話題

Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

題目來源：2023年10月21日大陸雅思大作文（重複21年8月21日大陸考題）

1、題目大意

一些人認為(wei) 科學研究應該由政府而不是私人企業(ye) 開展和控製。是否同意？

2、思路解析

這是一道觀點類大作文，討論的是科學研究是否應該由政府控製而不是私人公司。要注意的是，題目中討論的限定對象“Scientific research”、“government”和“private companies”，因此要圍繞著這三點展開，這道題無論同意反對都是可以寫(xie) 的，隻需要明確另一方的問題闡明己方的優(you) 勢即可。下麵月半鴨就和大家分別來看下政府和私人公司在科學研究上的利弊。

先來看私人公司的作用。

首先，要明確的是，私人公司是帶有盈利目的的，因此在科技研發上會(hui) 追求兩(liang) 件事，一是效率，二是這項技術所能帶來的市場收益。一項技術能夠帶來高收益，意味著私人公司也願意去投入成本來研發。而且由於(yu) 市場競爭(zheng) 的關(guan) 係，私人公司隻有越早研發出這項技術並投入應用，才能在市場競爭(zheng) 中通過先發優(you) 勢和專(zhuan) 利壁壘獲得收益，一些技術交由私人公司研發確實會(hui) 有助於(yu) 加快其研發速度，減輕政府的經濟負擔。

但是，私人公司的問題也很明顯，因為(wei) 其注重的是公司收益而非社會(hui) 整體(ti) 利益，因此不會(hui) 願意投入一些沒有收益的基礎科學研究，此外一些關(guan) 係到人類安全或是百姓生計的研究交由一家私人公司控製也過於(yu) 危險。

因此，這也是政府的作用。

一是一些短期內(nei) 看不到市場收益但是關(guan) 係到全人類進步的基礎科學應有政府控製和開展，這些研究往往跨度時間長、投入成本高，需要一直持續而且不斷試錯。

二是一些事關(guan) 人類安全和民生的科學研究也應由政府掌控，比如核能、軍(jun) 事技術、病毒研究等等，以此來保證這些技術的安全，不會(hui) 在日常威脅到民眾(zhong) 的安全。

當然，讓政府掌控所有技術研發也是不現實的，因為(wei) 其產(chan) 生的財政和人力成本的負擔都是非常巨大的。

3、提綱

10.21大陸雅思大作文8分範文及解析：科學研究由政府主導

4、高分範文示例

The debate over whether scientific research should be a governmental matter rather than a private sector's concern often ignites diverse viewpoints. I partially agree that the government should lead scientific initiatives due to ethical standards and public welfare concerns, but this disregards the innovation and financial capabilities of private companies.

On one side of the argument, governmental control over scientific research ensures that the studies and explorations undertaken serve public interests. Governments are theoretically bound to their citizens' welfare, thereby focusing on projects that cater to societal needs such as health, environmental protection, and education. Additionally, they are in a position to maintain ethical standards by enforcing strict regulations to prevent misconduct that could potentially arise from profit-driven motives, which are often associated with private companies

However, it is essential to recognize the pivotal role that private companies have played in groundbreaking innovations. The private sector’s competitiveness fuels rapid development and efficiency, attributes that are frequently absent in governmental agencies, due to bureaucratic limitations. For instance, the technological advancements we have witnessed in the digital era are largely attributed to private entities competing against each other. Moreover, these companies reinvest their profits into research and development, indicating their financial robustness and sustainability in carrying out extensive research without over-relying on taxpayers' money.

Nonetheless, the primary concern with private companies leading scientific research is their inevitable focus on profitability. The market-driven approach can lead to inequality in resource allocation, where only projects deemed profitable are pursued, potentially neglecting critical areas that do not promise immediate financial returns but are crucial for societal progression.

In conclusion, while the government's involvement in scientific research is crucial for ensuring that it aligns with the citizens' welfare and upholding ethical standards, the exclusion of private companies is not advisable. A balanced approach, perhaps through public-private partnerships, could harness the private sector's innovative prowess while leveraging governmental oversight to steer these advancements towards the greater public good. This synergy, rather than a polarized stance, would be instrumental in fostering an environment where scientific research thrives, contributing to both societal welfare and economic progression.

5、相關(guan) 詞匯和語法結構

diverse viewpoints 多元觀點

assurance of ethical standards 道德標準的保證

public welfare 公共福利

innovative spirit 創新精神

financial capabilities 財務能力

serve public interests 服務公眾(zhong) 利益

malpractices 瀆職行為(wei)

groundbreaking innovations 開創性的創新

bureaucratic constraints 官僚限製

reinvest their profits 重新投資他們(men) 的利潤

market-driven approach 市場驅動的方式