首先是冒號
自然，如果看到冒號，就意味著前後內(nei) 容是重複的。
Stars are not __immutable/perpetual_____: like people, they are born, they live, and then they die.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi was a remarkably __protean / versatile_____ public figure: she was not only an actress but also a journalist, a prominent politician in the Japanese parliament, and the wife of a diplomat.
要強調的是一個(ge) 破折號，在功能上和冒號是一樣的，也是前後重複
Central control of the country's power grid is difficult because of the __balkanization___ of the electricity industry — it is made up of hundreds of local networks with separate owners.
然後是分號
分號可以連接兩(liang) 句話，這是它和逗號不同的地方，但為(wei) 什麽(me) 連接兩(liang) 句話用了分號，而不是句號呢？ 因為(wei) 兩(liang) 個(ge) 句子之間的關(guan) 係比較近。所以分號之間要麽(me) 就是由類似however， indeed 這樣的邏輯連接詞，如果是有類似的邏輯詞連接的話，這些邏輯詞就給我們(men) 提供了出答案的線索了；
A few decades ago the idea of animal morality would have been met with ___derision/ridicule____; however, recent research suggests that animals not only act altruistically but also have the capacity for empathy, forgiveness, trust, and reciprocity.
另外一種情況是兩(liang) 個(ge) 分句之間沒有邏輯連接詞，那麽(me) 這時候用分號連接的原因是兩(liang) 個(ge) 句子的描述對象一致，當然，這同一個(ge) 描述對象就會(hui) 帶來前後分句的重複。
The author's point is not that people should be ___dismissive/scornful____ science; he is careful to point out that what science is discovering about humans, for example, is certainly important and worthy of careful consideration.
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