英文閱讀課堂常見問題以及如何克服

Difficulties Learners of English Language Often Face in Reading Classes and How to Deal with Them.

英語閱讀課堂常見問題以及對策

In today’s world of communication, learning English language is almost an essential step everyone should take. Being an international language, English serves us well in many ways such as providing job opportunities, making communication with people from other nationalities possible, etc. When talking about English, it must be noted that learning this language requires obtaining skills in all different aspects of it. One of the most important skills is reading. Reading is not only the ability to read the texts in English, but also to be able to understand and comprehend all the details of the text. There are so many ways to improve one’s reading skills and no matter which way is chosen, the role of the teacher cannot be underestimated. Throughout the learning process, learners might face many obstacles and only a teacher can clear up the path for them; offering them solutions and alternatives at any step. With all that being said, it becomes much more understandable how crucial the role of a good and experienced teacher is, when it comes to learning English. As a teacher who has been teaching for many years and working with Wintutor for a few years now, I am writing this article to share my experience of reading classes along with the tips and tricks on how to make these classes even more effective and get the best results out of them. When it comes to English reading classes, there are usually some common complications and difficulties that learners seem to have; and today, in this article, I explain them in details and offer some practical solutions for each.

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當今世界，英語學習(xi) 是很多人能與(yu) 世界更好地交流的必要手段。作為(wei) 一種國際語言，學好英語好處多多，例如能獲得更多的工作機會(hui) ，能與(yu) 其他國家的人交流等等。必須注意的是，學習(xi) 英語需要提高各種不同方麵的技能。最重要的技能之一是閱讀。閱讀不僅(jin) 是讀英文文本的能力，而且是能夠理解和領會(hui) 文本的所有細節的能力。提高閱讀能力的方法有很多，無論選擇哪一種，老師的作用都不容小覷。在整個(ge) 學習(xi) 過程中，學習(xi) 者可能會(hui) 遇到很多障礙，隻有老師才能為(wei) 他們(men) 掃清道路，隨時為(wei) 他們(men) 提供解決(jue) 方案或者替代方案。我這樣說，是希望你們(men) 能更好地理解在學習(xi) 英語方麵，一位優(you) 秀且經驗豐(feng) 富的老師的作用是多麽(me) 重要。作為(wei) 一名從(cong) 教多年並與(yu) Wintutor合作良久的老師，我寫(xie) 這篇文章是為(wei) 了分享我教閱讀課的經驗，以及如何讓這些課程更加有效並幫你取得成功的技巧和竅門，因為(wei) 我們(men) 需要最大化閱讀課的成果。在英語閱讀課上，學生通常會(hui) 遇到一些常見的問題和困難；今天，在這篇文章中，我將詳細解釋它們(men) ，並提供一些實用的解決(jue) 方案。

One of the main problems learners have in reading classes is the lack of understanding of the text. This means that learners can easily read the sentences and paragraphs and they usually have little to no problem pronouncing the words, but when it comes to comprehending the meaning of the phrases and the text, the problems appear. This results in them not grasping the message or some of the details explained in the text. Fortunately, this can be adjusted. The first thing the teacher should do is to ask the learners some questions from the text and try to recognize the parts that seem to be rather vague. Next, is to go through the new vocabulary and make sure the learners understand all the words in the text clearly. Since words are the keys to understanding the text, if learners know the meanings of all the words, it will be easier for them to comprehend the text. Finally, if there are any phrases, sentences or parts that are still unclear, the teacher can explain them in details for the learners.

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學生閱讀課中遇到的主要問題之一是對文本缺乏理解。這意味著學生可以輕鬆地讀出句子和段落，並且他們(men) 通常發音準確，但是在理解短語和文本的含義(yi) 時，問題就出現了。這導致他們(men) 無法掌握文本中傳(chuan) 遞的信息或某些細節。幸運的是，這是可以解決(jue) 的。老師應該做的第一件事是就課文問學生一些問題，並嚐試識別學生理解模糊的部分。接下來，是通過學習(xi) 生詞，確保學習(xi) 者清楚地理解文本中的所有單詞。由於(yu) 單詞是理解課文的關(guan) 鍵，如果學習(xi) 者知道所有單詞的意思，就更容易理解課文。最後，如果有任何短語、句子或部分仍然不清楚，老師應該為(wei) 學習(xi) 者詳細解釋。

Another common problem of the reading classes which most learners usually struggle with, is the lack of knowledge in vocabulary. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, vocabulary is considered to be the root of any text, and therefore, it is highly recommended for the learners to expand their range of vocabulary since this will be a great help in their overall understanding of any text they might ever read. Speaking from my own experience of the reading classes, most of the learners are usually having this problem and they do not know it can easily be fixed. There are a few steps that must be taken when addressing this problem in the class. First, the teacher must let the learners guess the meaning of the new words based on the context and sentence they appear in. This will give the learners a chance to connect all information they already have from the text in order to come up with the closest meaning of each of the new words. If they cannot figure out the meaning, then the teacher is supposed to provide some examples for the learners. Giving examples especially if they are already related to the context, will help them connect the dots and get to the aimed meaning. Even with all of that, there are still some learners in lower levels whose vocabulary range hasn’t been expanded yet. For these learners, the best way to help them with the new vocabulary is to explain the meaning through describing it in details or showing pictures of it if possible. After making sure the learners have fully understood the meaning, it will be the time for them to have a little practice. In this final step, the teacher is required to ask the students to use the new vocabulary in example sentences in order to help them keep the words and their meanings in mind.

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大多數學習(xi) 者通常在閱讀課上遇到的另一個(ge) 常見問題是缺乏詞匯儲(chu) 備。如上一段所述，詞匯被認為(wei) 是任何文本的根源，因此，強烈建議學習(xi) 者擴大詞匯量，因為(wei) 這將有助於(yu) 他們(men) 全麵理解他們(men) 所讀的內(nei) 容。就我自己的閱讀課經驗來說，大部分的學習(xi) 者通常都會(hui) 有這個(ge) 問題，但是他們(men) 不知道這個(ge) 問題可以很容易地解決(jue) 。在課堂上，老師可以用以下這些步驟幫助學生。首先，老師必須讓學習(xi) 者根據出現的上下文和句子來猜測新詞的含義(yi) 。這將促進學生有機會(hui) 將他們(men) 已經從(cong) 文本中獲得的所有信息聯係起來，以便盡可能的猜測出那個(ge) 生詞的意思。如果他們(men) 不能猜出生詞意思的話，那麽(me) 老師應該為(wei) 學習(xi) 者提供一些例子。舉(ju) 例，特別是那些與(yu) 上下文相關(guan) 的例子，將幫助他們(men) 融會(hui) 貫通並理解生詞意思。但是，總有一些初級學習(xi) 者，他們(men) 的詞匯量有限。對於(yu) 這些學生，幫助他們(men) 掌握新詞匯的最好方法是通過詳細描述，或者可能的話，通過展示圖片，來解釋其含義(yi) 。在確保學生完全理解了單詞意思之後，就可以進行一些練習(xi) 了。在這最後一步，教師需要讓學生用新單詞造句，以幫助他們(men) 長期地記住單詞及其含義(yi) 。

While on the topic of the vocabulary, it is time to point out one of the other troubles learners of the reading classes mostly face; and that is the slip of the new words from their minds. Believe it or not, it is completely normal for students not to remember all the new words they have learned in their previous lessons. The more the new vocabulary, the harder it is to recall them. However, there are some techniques that I have found very helpful in my own experience. Writing the new words in a notebook along with their meanings is the first and one of the most important things learners should do. It is recommended that the teacher asks the students to bring a notebook to the class and jot down all the new vocabulary of that lesson with their meanings and details. Needless to say, the learners then will have the chance to review the written words any time after the class. Aside from that, the teacher can dedicate a few minutes of the class to the practice of making example sentences and using the new words in each sentence. These sentences should be made by the learners and in case of any errors, the teacher will then correct them. This productive method will teach students the correct sentence structure for each word plus carving the word in their minds even deeper. And finally, reviewing the new vocabulary every day is the way to learn them permanently since they will go into the long-term memory.

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說到詞匯，我們(men) 也要指出閱讀課學生最常麵臨(lin) 的其他問題之一：就是新詞會(hui) 悄悄從(cong) 他們(men) 腦子裏溜走。信不信由你，學生不會(hui) 記得他們(men) 在之前的課程中學到的所有生詞，但這是完全正常的。新詞匯越多，記憶起來就越困難。但是，以我自己的經驗，我發現有些技巧非常有用。在筆記本上寫(xie) 下新單詞及其含義(yi) 是學生應該做的第一件事，也是最重要的事情之一。我建議老師讓學生帶一個(ge) 筆記本來上課，並記下該課的所有新詞匯及其含義(yi) 和相關(guan) 細節。不用說，這樣學生將有機會(hui) 在課後隨時複習(xi) 記下的內(nei) 容。除此之外，老師可以在課堂上花幾分鍾時間練習(xi) 用這些生詞造句。這些句子應該由學生自己來造，如果有任何錯誤，老師應該在之後糾正。這種富有成效的方法將教會(hui) 學生每個(ge) 單詞在句子中的正確使用方法，並在他們(men) 的腦海中留下更深刻的印象。最後，每天複習(xi) 新詞匯是永久掌握它們(men) 的好方法，因為(wei) 這樣它們(men) 會(hui) 進入你的長期記憶。

When it comes to reading and learning this highly important skill, not everything is about the understanding of the text. It is also very important for the learners of English language to be able to read a text correctly, smoothly and in an acceptable pace. However, some learners are weaker at this than others. One common reason of this is because they have been learning English through listening and speaking only; which will result in them not being familiar with the spelling of the words, and therefore, not being able to recognize it in the text when reading. As a teacher who has been dealing with students having the same problem, I have a few solutions to share. First, it is important to ask the learners to slow down and try reading the text at a slower pace than normal. This will help them have more time to read each word; therefore, there will be lower chance of them just skipping over or mispronouncing the words they already know. It is also recommended that the teacher waits for the learners to try and guess the words that seem unfamiliar and read them on their own. If not right, then the teacher can stop them and read the words for them in the correct way. What comes after, is for the teacher to ask the learners to look at the word, listen to the teacher saying it, and then repeat it afterwards. A few times of repeating is recommended for the learners to keep in mind the correct pronunciation of the word. Last but not least, asking the learners to practice reading a variety of texts from different sources will help the them become familiar with more words and structures. Over time, they will improve and consequently read the texts easier.

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說到閱讀，以及學習(xi) 閱讀這項非常重要的技能時，並非一切都與(yu) 對文本的理解有關(guan) 。對於(yu) 英語學習(xi) 者來說，能夠以適當的速度正確、流暢地朗讀課文也非常重要。但是，有些學生在這方麵做得不夠好。一個(ge) 常見的原因是他們(men) 一直隻通過聽和說來學習(xi) 英語。這將導致他們(men) 不熟悉單詞的拚寫(xie) ，因此在朗讀時無法識別它們(men) 。作為(wei) 一名一直在幫助有同樣問題的學生的老師，我有一些方法要分享。首先，重要的是要求學生放慢速度，嚐試以比正常速度更慢的速度來讀課文。這將幫助他們(men) 有更多時間朗讀每個(ge) 單詞，因此會(hui) 降低他們(men) 跳過或讀錯他們(men) 其實已經知道的單詞的機會(hui) 。我還建議教師鼓勵學生嚐試猜測看上去不熟悉的單詞並自行嚐試發音。如果他們(men) 發音不正確，那麽(me) 老師可以讓他們(men) 停下來並示範正確的讀法。接著，老師讓學生看著單詞，聽老師讀，然後再跟讀。我建議學生多重複幾次，以記住單詞的正確發音。最後，但同樣重要的是，我們(men) 要讓學生練習(xi) 朗讀不同來源的各種文本，這將有助於(yu) 他們(men) 熟悉更多的單詞和句子結構。隨著時間的推移，他們(men) 會(hui) 有所進步，從(cong) 而閱讀起來更得心應手。

Another main issue of the reading classes that can lead to a decrease in the improvement process of the learners is when the students do not participate enough in the class. One thing that can cause this lack of participation is distraction. Some learners might get bored because the material is not suitable for their level. Others might lose focus over objects or people around them. These and many other reasons might cause distraction, and when that happens in a reading class, not only the learners will not fully follow and understand the topic that is being taught, but also this lack of information on the topic will affect their active participation in discussions. To solve this, the teacher should find a way to keep the learners active. Here are a few tips on how to do so. The first step is for the teacher to ask the learners for a summary of the text page by page. This will notify the students of the fact that they should keep their minds fully engaged in the topic or they will not be able to summarize it later. Next, is to ask them some questions from the text and try analysing it together through having a conversation. The best thing to do after that, is to bring up similar and related topics to discuss and keep the learners engaged in the discussion. Finally, asking for their personal experiences and sharing their own cases is a great way of encouraging them to be more and more active in the class.

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另一個(ge) 可能導致學生閱讀能力進步不那麽(me) 明顯的主要問題是學生在課堂上的參與(yu) 度不夠。可能引起這種參與(yu) 不夠的一件事是分心。有些學生可能會(hui) 因為(wei) 所學內(nei) 容不適合他們(men) 的水平而感到無聊。其他人可能會(hui) 因為(wei) 關(guan) 注周圍事情或人而注意力不集中。這些，以及許多其他原因都會(hui) 讓學生心不在焉。如果閱讀課上不專(zhuan) 心，不僅(jin) 學生不會(hui) 完全理解所教授的內(nei) 容，而且會(hui) 因為(wei) 缺乏關(guan) 於(yu) 所教內(nei) 容的信息而不能積極參與(yu) 討論。為(wei) 了解決(jue) 這個(ge) 問題，教師應該想辦法讓學生積極參與(yu) 課堂。以下是我的一些建議。首先老師可以要求學生逐頁對課文進行總結。這會(hui) 促使學生要全神貫注上課，否則他們(men) 將無法對每頁的課文進行總結。接下來，是從(cong) 課文中問他們(men) 一些問題，並嚐試和學生一起討論分析這些問題。之後最好的辦法是提出類似或相關(guan) 的主題進行討論，並讓學生參與(yu) 進來。還有，詢問他們(men) 的自身經曆並鼓勵他們(men) 分享自己的故事是鼓勵學生在課堂上越來越活躍的好方法。

Eventually, I feel obliged to mention how effective or destructive parents can be regarding the progress of their children. There is no doubt that the help of the parents can be advantageous and learners can benefit from that. However, some parents go out of their way and even though they mean well, they actually stop their children from improving. Pressuring the students while in class can be extremely damaging. Unfortunately, some parents sit by their children in the class and force them to talk or answer faster. Some even say the sentences or answer the questions instead of the students and tell them to repeat the answers for the teacher. These were only a few examples of what parents do wrong sometimes. Talking from my own experience of the classes, students usually get distracted in these situations. They feel like they are in a hurry and mostly get confused about who they should pay attention to; the teacher or their parent. To avoid all that, parents must try to let their children be on their own when in class; and this can only happen by trusting the teacher and believing they do what is best for the students. However, it will be a good idea for one of the parents to sit in the same room as their children and just monitor them in order to make sure they are paying attention to the class and not doing anything on the side. Trying to be in contact with the teachers and receiving feedback from them will be a great way of knowing what materials and lesson parts are being covered in the class each lesson. Moreover, the teacher can let parents know of all the strengths, weaknesses, improvements and deteriorations of their children throughout the course.

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最後，我覺得有必要提到父母對孩子學習(xi) 的影響，有時候父母的幫助能促進孩子進步，但有時候父母的參與(yu) 反而得不償(chang) 失。毫無疑問，父母正確的幫助可以讓學生從(cong) 中受益。然而，有些父母做得太過了，即使他們(men) 的本意很好，但他們(men) 實際上阻止了孩子的進步。在課堂上給學生施加壓力可能會(hui) 造成極大的破壞性。不幸的是，總有些家長在課堂上坐在孩子身邊，敦促他們(men) 快點說，快點回答問題。有些人甚至幫學生說出句子或回答問題，然後讓孩子對老師重複這些答案。這些都隻是父母做得不恰當的幾個(ge) 例子。從(cong) 我自己的課堂經驗來看，學生在這些情況下通常會(hui) 分心。他們(men) 覺得自己被趕著，而且大多對應該聽誰的感到困惑：該聽老師的，還是爸媽的？為(wei) 了避免這些情況，父母必須盡量讓孩子獨自上課；當然，這需要以信任老師並相信他們(men) 會(hui) 盡力教學生為(wei) 前提。另一個(ge) 好主意是讓一位家長和孩子坐在同一個(ge) 房間裏並監視孩子，以確保孩子專(zhuan) 心聽講而不是在邊上做其它事情。與(yu) 老師保持老師聯係並從(cong) 他們(men) 那裏獲得反饋，是了解每節課所涵蓋的內(nei) 容的好方法。此外，老師也應該讓家長了解孩子在整個(ge) 課程中的所有優(you) 勢、要改進的地方、進步或是倒退。

In short, considering reading as one of the most important skills in English language, learners must put enough time and effort on practicing it. The ability to read different texts, understand, analyse and summarize them is what all English learners should improve. A reading class is an effective way of helping learners upgrade their reading skills with the guidance of an experienced teacher. Throughout the course, teacher will assist the learners and teach them how to read a text smoothly and correctly regarding the pronunciation of the words and sentences, how to learn and keep the new vocabulary in mind, how to analyse a text and understand the hidden details and messages of it, etc. Just like any other classes, the students of the reading classes also have their own struggles and difficulties sometimes and although the amount of progress a learner can have during a reading course depends on so many aspects, a good teacher can always be a great guide to show the learners the best way throughout their experience.

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簡而言之，閱讀是英語學習(xi) 中最重要的技能之一，學生必須投入足夠的時間和精力來練習(xi) 它。閱讀不同文本，以及理解、分析和總結它們(men) 的能力是所有英語學習(xi) 者都應該提高的。閱讀課能讓學生在經驗豐(feng) 富的老師的指導下提升閱讀技能，是提高閱讀能力的有效方式。在整個(ge) 課程中，老師將協助學生，教他們(men) 如何流暢、正確地閱讀課文，包括單詞和句子的發音、如何學習(xi) 和記住新詞匯、如何分析課文和理解隱藏的細節等等。和其他課一樣，閱讀課的學生有時也有自己的挫折和困難。雖然學生在閱讀能力的提高取決(jue) 於(yu) 很多方麵，但一個(ge) 好老師始終能用自己的經驗，為(wei) 學生提供最佳的指導。