每一個(ge) 申請者都沒有期待學校會(hui) 平等和包容:
學校是那麽(me) 高高在上的審視著申請者,所以沒有平等;
學校錄取本身是一個(ge) 篩選的過程,恰恰是包容的反義(yi) 詞。
學校的問題不在於(yu) 不平等和不包容,在於(yu) ta“裝”。當然這麽(me) 說可能有欠妥帖,我們(men) 用的好聽點的表達吧,學校的問題在於(yu) “ta把對於(yu) 美好自我的期待當成了既成事實”,ta們(men) 可能真的想對社會(hui) 做些好貢獻,但目前ta們(men) 在做的事情,顯然和這個(ge) 目標有很大差距。
一個(ge) 最近的例子是關(guan) 於(yu) 標準化考試,從(cong) SAT,到 LSAT,到GRE 學校都在看的比較淡
In 2021, the University of California system ditched the use of all standardized testing for undergraduate admissions. California State University followed suit last spring, and in November, the American Bar Association voted to abandon the LSAT requirement for admission to any of the nation’s law schools beginning in 2025. Many other schools have lately reached the same conclusion. Science magazine reports that among a sample of 50 U.S. universities, only 3 percent of Ph.D. science programs currently require applicants to submit GRE scores, compared with 84 percent four years ago. And colleges that dropped their testing requirements or made them optional in response to the pandemic are now feeling torn about whether to bring that testing back.
但目前實際關(guan) 於(yu) 標準化考試有兩(liang) 個(ge) 不同觀點的討論
觀點1: 這個(ge) 考試帶來了不公平,因為(wei) 出身差的學生考不好 (這個(ge) 點也是大多數學校取消成績要求時候宣傳(chuan) 的觀點)
... standardized tests are biased against low-income students and students of color, and should not be used.
觀點2: 和觀點1 恰恰相反,這個(ge) 觀點覺得標準化考試給出身差的考生帶來了希望,因為(wei) 參加一次考試去獲得個(ge) 好成績的難度,還是比通過社交資源,參加一個(ge) 好的社會(hui) 實踐的難度會(hui) 低很多。
Schools have been able to identify talented low-income students and students of color and give them transformative educational experiences, they argue, precisely because those students are tested.
這兩(liang) 個(ge) 觀點看上去矛盾,但實際並不是,這兩(liang) 個(ge) 觀點隻是證明了,考試數據是客觀的,對於(yu) 關(guan) 於(yu) 客觀數據會(hui) 不會(hui) 帶來歧視的解讀是人為(wei) 的。
所以問題不是考試,是招生機構(學校)對於(yu) 這些數據的解讀。
We often forget an important lesson about standardized tests: They, or at least their outputs, take the form of data; and data can be interpreted—and acted upon—in multiple ways.
所以學校要做的不是讓考試背鍋,而去掉考試這個(ge) 客觀數據,隻會(hui) 讓錄取過程變得更為(wei) 不透明。學校如果真的要促進公平正義(yi) ,那可以做的是
1. 如果要解決(jue) 有的高中生沒有機會(hui) 考試的問題,可以讓考試走進學校,成為(wei) 學校課程的一部分,這樣來自不同家庭背景的孩子都可以低成本的獲得考試成績
For example, research has found that when states implement universal testing policies in high schools, and make testing part of the regular curriculum rather than an add-on that students and parents must provide for themselves, more disadvantaged students enter college and the income gap narrows.
2. 提高高中教育質量,讓高中生在課內(nei) 就可以學到高質量的內(nei) 容
If students’ scores indicate a need for more support in particular areas, universities might invest more educational resources into those areas. They could hire more instructors or support staff to work with low-scoring students. And if schools notice alarming patterns in the data—consistent areas where students have been insufficiently prepared—they could respond not with disgruntlement, but with leadership. They could advocate for the state to provide K–12 schools with better resources.
所以考試本身隻是反映出來了教育資源的分配不公平,它不是導致不公平的原因。
而如果學校錄取要解決(jue) 不公正這個(ge) 問題,從(cong) 考試下手是最說不通的,因為(wei) 文書(shu) ,課外活動等帶來的不公平是更大的。
Which is to say, the tests themselves are not the problem. Most components of admissions portfolioses suffer from the same biases. In terms of favoring the rich, admissions essays are even worse than standardized tests; the same goes for participation in extracurricular activities and legacy admissions.
另外一個(ge) 學校彰顯自己要促進社會(hui) 正義(yi) 的行為(wei) 是退出 US News ranking
但這裏麵最大的bug 是 US News 在給這些學校排名的時候,用的數據大多數是公開的數據,不需要學校方麵來提供(也是為(wei) 什麽(me) Columbia 沒提供數據,但2023的College Ranking 裏還有Columbia 的原因)
... most of the data used to determine the rankings can be derived from publicly available information, or surveys conducted by U.S. News itself.
更諷刺的是,學校不提供數據,可能可以讓榜單變得更為(wei) 客觀些(還是Columbia 的例子,學校提供的數據就有問題)
There is a case to be made that the less the schools contribute, the more objective the rankings might become, in some respects.
所以學校如果還把自己看成是社會(hui) 精英的守門人(gatekeeper),它們(men) 的錄取原則不會(hui) 改變,因為(wei) 擁有權力者沒有動機也沒有意願去削弱自己的權力。所以如果你是申請者,不管學校是取消要求考試成績要求了,還是有其他的一些改變了,你要想方設法證明的一直都是
1. 你的學習(xi) 能力很好
2. 你的社會(hui) 資源很好
你可以思考下哪些變量可以幫助你證明以上兩(liang) 點。
評論已經被關(guan) 閉。