AS經濟：如何寫好evaluation (i)

今天我們(men) 來講AO3 evaluation

考綱的要求：Weigh up arguments often coming to a judgement. You may be asked tocome to a reasoned conclusion following an assessment of the strengthsand weaknesses of these arguments, taking into account the quality ofinformation available.

對AO3應該寫(xie) 什麽(me) 還有困惑的同學，可以先看一下我們(men) 之前的推送：

AS經濟Essay結構解析

很多同學分不清AO2和AO3的區別，這裏我提供一個(ge) 理解的視角：

AO2是positive statements，考官可以判斷答卷內(nei) 容是正確還是錯誤的。

AO3是normative statements，並沒有正確答案，任何有理有據的觀點都可以得分。

今天我們(men) 來講一下新考綱下如何寫(xie) 好a問的evaluation.

Essay的a問，AO3有2分.

如果AO2和AO3連在一起，那大家需要：

1. 基於(yu) 之前的analysis (AO2)，offer a valid judgement

2.Write aconclusion.

我們(men) 來看一個(ge) 例子。

- With the help of a formula, explain the meaning of price elasticity of demand and consider which factor is most important in determining whether the demand for a good is likely to be price-elastic or price-inelastic. [8]

這道題的結構是3+5，and後麵包含AO2和AO3.

AO2的部分，我們(men) 先寫(xie) degree of necessity和relative expense是兩(liang) 個(ge) determinants.

AO3的部分，我們(men) 需要比較這兩(liang) 個(ge) factor ，並給出結論：哪個(ge) factor更重要。

1. 比較兩(liang) 個(ge) factor：

-snake antivenom很貴，但他是個(ge) necessary good，所以ped還是很小

-飲料很便宜，但消費者可以不買(mai) ，所以ped還是很大

2. 得出結論：degree of necessity更重要。

Sample：Some products take up a large portion of one's income, such as snake antivenom. However, even if the price were to double, consumers would likely continue to purchase it due to its life-saving nature. By contrast, expenditure on beverages occupies only a minor portion of income. Nonetheless, if their prices were to double, consumption would likely decrease significantly since they are not vital products. Therefore, while the relative expense of a product is an important factor, the degree of necessity is often the most crucial in determining PED: if consumers must purchase the product, the price is not the primary consideration.

當然這裏的答案有很多種，隻要有理有據都可以得分。

但大家在答題的時候一定要注意2點：

1. factors必須是AO2解釋過的。

如果AO3寫(xie) time period是更重要的因素，是無法得分的，因為(wei) AO2沒有解釋這個(ge) factor.

2. conclusion是對題目and後麵的部分的主觀結論。觀點必須明確，且不能出現新的信息。

如果你在結論裏寫(xie) 我們(men) 不能忽略一個(ge) 成功的廣告對PED的影響，那也是沒法得分的。

對於(yu) 結構是6+2的a問，AO3可能就不需要基於(yu) AO2的analysis，而是直接給出valid judgement並reach a conclusion.

- Compare the causes of structural unemployment and cyclical unemployment and consider which of these types of unemployment is likely to be more harmful to an economy.

這是樣卷裏的題，AO3問 consider which of these types of unemployment is likely to be more harmful to an economy.

如果這部分有5分，那大家要先寫(xie) structural的壞處，再寫(xie) cyclical的壞處，再比較誰更不好。

而由於(yu) 這部分隻有2分，大家在答題的時候需要圍繞'more'來展開。

官方的答案也隻進行了比較：

我個(ge) 人覺得這並不合理，但我不想挑戰cie.

因此，個(ge) 人認為(wei) 比較保險的做法是，在進行比較之前，先寫(xie) 兩(liang) 個(ge) 失業(ye) 的壞處，但控製篇幅：時間也是分數的一部分。

- With the help of a diagram, explain the difference between the causes of a movement along, and a shift of, a production possibility curve (PPC) and consider which is likely to have the most immediate impact on an economy. [8]

這道題的結構依然是6+2，and後麵隻包含AO3.

因此，這裏大家隻需要簡單比較shift和move影響economy的時間長短，並給出結論：誰的impact更immediate就可以了。

Sample：When resources are reallocated within an economy, the impact can be relatively quick. The increase in the production of capital goods can lead to rapid job creation, while a decrease in the production of consumer goods will immediately decrease consumer choices. In contrast, an increase in the birth rate or investments in research and development do not yield immediate impacts on the economy, as it can take a considerable amount of time to influence productive capacity. Therefore, movement along the PPC exerts a quicker impact on the economy than shift of PPC, because expanding productive capacity is a time-consuming process.

最後，並不是所有的essay a問，evaluation都需要寫(xie) 2邊。

- Explain why government intervention may be required to provide merit goods and consider why such intervention may not always be successful. [8]

AO3：隻需要寫(xie) 為(wei) 什麽(me) 政府幹預不會(hui) 成功。

- Explain the functions of price in resource allocation and consider the importance of these functions in relation to the potential effectiveness of a market economy.

AO3：隻需要寫(xie) functions of price和market economy的effectiveness有啥關(guan) 係。

如果一個(ge) essay題，你看到的時候不是很確定他的結構和得分點是怎樣的，我的建議就是跳過。

考試不是挑戰自己，我們(men) 一定要選熟悉的題型。